Osmanlı modernleşmesi sürecinde Haleb vilayetinde eğitim
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Date
2022-07-04
Authors
Derin, Songül Yılmaz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Tarihin bütün dönemlerinde önemli bir ilim ve kültür merkezi olan Haleb vilayeti Osmanlı’nın modernleşme döneminde de bu önemini devam ettirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Tanzimat dönemi ile başlayıp Haleb’in Osmanlı egemenliğinden çıkışı olan 25 Ekim 1918’e kadar geçen süre içinde Haleb’deki eğitim kurumları, bu kurumların çalışma esasları, müfredatları, bütçeleri, atama ve disiplin işlemleri vb. incelenerek bu vilayetin eğitim yapısındaki modernleşme ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi, İSAM verileri, çeşitli kütüphanelerden çıkarılan mecmualar ve belgeler kullanılarak doküman analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılmış olan analizlerin sonucunda Haleb vilayetinin eğitimde geçirmiş olduğu evreler, mekteplerin kuruluş ve gelişimleri, mektep yapılarındaki değişiklikler, mekteplerin program değişiklikleri, eğitim sırasında yaşanan problemler ve gelişmeler tetkik edilmiştir. Haleb, Maarif idaresinin kuruluşundan I. Dünya Savaşı’ndaki Suriye Cephesi’nin açılması ile birlikte mekteplerin kapanmasına kadar geçen süredeki değişim, çalışmamızın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. 1882 yılında Haleb Maarif Meclisi’nin kurulması ile maarif işleri düzenli bir yapıya kavuşmuştur. Haleb Maarif Teşkilatı’ndaki görevlilerin çalışmaları, uygulamaları, karşılaştıkları problemler de araştırılmıştır. Birinci bölümde tezimizin çalışma planı, yöntemi, sınırlılığı ifade edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde Haleb’in Osmanlı egemenliği öncesi ve sonrası tarihçesi; üçüncü bölümde tezde kullanılan yöntem, dördüncü bölümde Osmanlı maarif teşkilatının modernleşmesi, Haleb vilayeti Maarif Teşkilatı’nın kuruluşu, gelişmesi ve maarif müdürleri, ilköğretim kademeleri ve vii hususi mektepler, ortaöğretim kademesi olan idâdiler, sultaniler, Haleb’deki mesleki eğitim kurumları, Gayrimüslim ve yabancı mektepler, yüksek öğretim kurumlarının kurulması ile ilgili denemeler ve yenileşme döneminde kültürel faaliyetler incelenmiştir. Dört bölüm olarak ele aldığımız çalışmamızda siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal yönden büyük bir sıkıntı içinde olan ve yakın süreçte kendi coğrafyasında çıkacak savaşta bulunan Osmanlının her şeye rağmen Haleb eğitiminin modernleşmesi konusundaki çabaları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda eğitim kademelerindeki mekteplerin program değişiklikleri, atama usulleri, cezalar, sürgünler, mali durumlar, mekteplerde yapılan sınavlar, muallim ve talebelerin menşeileri, veli meslek grupları ile ilgili konular ele alınmıştır.
The province of Aleppo, which was an important scientific and cultural center in all periods of history, continued this importance in the modernization period of the Ottoman Empire. In this study, the educational institutions in Aleppo, their working principles, curricula, budgets, assignment and disciplinary procedures, etc., during the period starting with the Tanzimat period until October 25, 1918, when Aleppo came out of Ottoman rule. The modernization in the educational structure of this province by examinintried to be revealed. In this study, document analysis was carried out using the Ottoman Archives of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey State Archives, ISAM data, magazines and documents extracted from various libraries. As a result of the analyzes made, the stages that the Province of Aleppo went through in education, the establishment and development of schools, changes in school structures, program changes in schools, problems and developments during education were examined. The subject of our study is the change in the period from the establishment of the Education Administration in Aleppo to the closing of the schools with the opening of the Syrian Front in the First World War. With the establishment of the Aleppo Education Council in 1882, educational affairs gained a regular structure. The studies, practices and problems faced by the officials in the Aleppo Educational Organization were investigated. In the first chapter, the study plan, method and limitation of our thesis are expressed.in the second part, the history of Aleppo before and after the Ottoman rule; In the third part, the method used in the thesis, in the fourth part, the modernization of the Ottoman educational organization, the establishment and development of the Aleppo Province Educational ix Organization and its directors of education, primary education levels and private schoolsHigh schools, sultanis, vocational education institutions in Aleppo, non-Muslim and foreign schools, trials related to the establishment of higher education institutions and cultural activities in the renewal period were examined. In our study, which we have dealt with in four parts, the efforts of the Ottoman Empire, which was in great trouble in political, economic and social aspects and in the war to break out in its own geography in the near future, on the modernization of Aleppo education, despite everything, were evaluated. In our study, the curriculum changes, appointment procedures, punishments, exiles, financial situations, exams held at the schools, the origins of teachers and students, and parent profession groups were discussed.
The province of Aleppo, which was an important scientific and cultural center in all periods of history, continued this importance in the modernization period of the Ottoman Empire. In this study, the educational institutions in Aleppo, their working principles, curricula, budgets, assignment and disciplinary procedures, etc., during the period starting with the Tanzimat period until October 25, 1918, when Aleppo came out of Ottoman rule. The modernization in the educational structure of this province by examinintried to be revealed. In this study, document analysis was carried out using the Ottoman Archives of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey State Archives, ISAM data, magazines and documents extracted from various libraries. As a result of the analyzes made, the stages that the Province of Aleppo went through in education, the establishment and development of schools, changes in school structures, program changes in schools, problems and developments during education were examined. The subject of our study is the change in the period from the establishment of the Education Administration in Aleppo to the closing of the schools with the opening of the Syrian Front in the First World War. With the establishment of the Aleppo Education Council in 1882, educational affairs gained a regular structure. The studies, practices and problems faced by the officials in the Aleppo Educational Organization were investigated. In the first chapter, the study plan, method and limitation of our thesis are expressed.in the second part, the history of Aleppo before and after the Ottoman rule; In the third part, the method used in the thesis, in the fourth part, the modernization of the Ottoman educational organization, the establishment and development of the Aleppo Province Educational ix Organization and its directors of education, primary education levels and private schoolsHigh schools, sultanis, vocational education institutions in Aleppo, non-Muslim and foreign schools, trials related to the establishment of higher education institutions and cultural activities in the renewal period were examined. In our study, which we have dealt with in four parts, the efforts of the Ottoman Empire, which was in great trouble in political, economic and social aspects and in the war to break out in its own geography in the near future, on the modernization of Aleppo education, despite everything, were evaluated. In our study, the curriculum changes, appointment procedures, punishments, exiles, financial situations, exams held at the schools, the origins of teachers and students, and parent profession groups were discussed.
Description
Keywords
Osmanlı, Haleb, Maarif, Eğitim kademeleri, Ottoman, Aleppo, Education, Levels of education
Citation
Derin, S. Y. (2022). Osmanlı modernleşmesi sürecinde haleb vilayetinde eğitim. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.