Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Otoyolu peyzaj bitkilerinin değerlendirilmesi
Loading...
Date
2021-02-04
Authors
Özkan, Esra
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Ülkemiz için yapımı büyük önem taşıyan yüksek standartlı, hızlı ve güvenli oto trafiğine olanak sağlayan otoyolların çevreye karşı duyarlılığı zorunlu hale gelmiş olup bu durum otoyol peyzaj düzenleme olgusunu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Otoyollarda yapılan bitkilendirme çalışmaları, yol ile çevre peyzajı arasındaki ilişkileri etkileyen en önemli planlama girişimidir. Otoyolun yapımı sırasında deformasyon geçiren ve yaralanan doğanın yeniden iyileştirilebilmesi için; güzergâh boyunca mevcut doğal bitki örtüsü korunarak, genel iklim ve çevre koşulları da göz önünde bulundurularak bir plantasyon çalışması hazırlanmalıdır. Bu açıdan yolun proje hızı, güzergâh, paralelizm, kazı-dolgu işlemleri ve yol geometrik standartları kadar ağaçlandırma tekniği de etkin rol oynamaktadır. Yapılacak olan peyzaj tasarımlarında; trafikte görüş açısına engel olmayacak, özellikle orta refüjlerde sık dallanma yapacak, suya minimum seviyede ihtiyaç duyacak, bakım ihtiyacı en düşük seviyede olacak türlere öncelik verilmelidir. Türkiye’de yapımı tamamlanmış otoyolların toplam uzunluğu 3.164 km dir. Çalışma konusu olan Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Otoyolu 426 km ile yapımı tamamlanmış otoyollar içerisinde uzunluğu en fazla olan otoyoldur. Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Otoyolu; Gebze- Orhangazi, Orhangazi-Bursa, Bursa-Susurluk, Susurluk-Balıkesir, Balıkesir-Kırkağaç, Kırkağaç-Manisa ve Manisa-İzmir olmak üzere 7 ayrı kesimden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma alanının tamamında 107 farklı takson tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen taksonlar arasında en fazla çeşitliliğe sahip olan kesim Gebze-Orhangazi iken en az çeşitliliğe sahip olan kesim ise Bursa-Susurluk kesimidir. Tespit edilen taksonların büyük bir kısmını çalı formundaki bitkiler oluşturmakta olup; karayolu bitkilendirmesine uygun, kirli hava koşullarına dayanıklı, bakıma az ihtiyaç duyan türler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
The sensitivity of highways to the environment, which allows high standard, fast and safe car traffic, which is of great importance for our country, has become mandatory and this has brought with it the phenomenon of highway landscaping. Plantation works on highways are the most important planning initiative affecting the relations between the road and the environmental landscape. In order to re-heal the nature that suffered deformation and injured during the construction of the highway; A plantation study should be prepared by preserving the existing natural vegetation along the route, taking into account the general climate and environmental conditions. In this respect, the reforestation technique plays an active role as well as the project speed of the road, route, parallelism, excavation-filling processes and road geometric standards. In the landscape designs to be made; priority should be given to species that will not interfere with visibility in traffic, especially in medium refuels, will need water at a minimum level, have the lowest maintenance needs. The total length of the highways completed in Turkey is 3,164 km. Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Highway, which is the subject of work, is the most long highway among the highways completed with 426 km. Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Highway; Gebze-Orhangazi consists of 7 different segments: Orhangazi-Bursa, Bursa- Susurluk, Susurluk-Balıkesir, Balıkesir-Kırkağaç, Kırkağaç-Manisa and Manisa-İzmir. 107 different taxa were detected throughout the study area. Gebze-Orhangazi is the most diverse of the taksons detected, while Bursa-Susurluk sector is the one with the least variety. Plants in the form of shrubs make up the majority of the detected taxa; it has been determined that there are species suitable for road plantation, resistant to polluted weather conditions, in little need of care.
The sensitivity of highways to the environment, which allows high standard, fast and safe car traffic, which is of great importance for our country, has become mandatory and this has brought with it the phenomenon of highway landscaping. Plantation works on highways are the most important planning initiative affecting the relations between the road and the environmental landscape. In order to re-heal the nature that suffered deformation and injured during the construction of the highway; A plantation study should be prepared by preserving the existing natural vegetation along the route, taking into account the general climate and environmental conditions. In this respect, the reforestation technique plays an active role as well as the project speed of the road, route, parallelism, excavation-filling processes and road geometric standards. In the landscape designs to be made; priority should be given to species that will not interfere with visibility in traffic, especially in medium refuels, will need water at a minimum level, have the lowest maintenance needs. The total length of the highways completed in Turkey is 3,164 km. Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Highway, which is the subject of work, is the most long highway among the highways completed with 426 km. Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Highway; Gebze-Orhangazi consists of 7 different segments: Orhangazi-Bursa, Bursa- Susurluk, Susurluk-Balıkesir, Balıkesir-Kırkağaç, Kırkağaç-Manisa and Manisa-İzmir. 107 different taxa were detected throughout the study area. Gebze-Orhangazi is the most diverse of the taksons detected, while Bursa-Susurluk sector is the one with the least variety. Plants in the form of shrubs make up the majority of the detected taxa; it has been determined that there are species suitable for road plantation, resistant to polluted weather conditions, in little need of care.
Description
Keywords
Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Otoyolu, Karayolu, Otoyol peyzajı, Peyzaj bitkileri, Peyzaj uygulamaları, Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Highway, Highway, Highway landscape, Landscape plants, Landscape applications
Citation
Özkan, E. (2021). Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Otoyolu peyzaj bitkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.