Amasya tekkeleri
Loading...
Date
2019-09-27
Authors
Aydın, Tolga
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Orta Asya'dan Anadolu'ya gelen Türkler ile başlayan göç hareketleri Amasya'nın şehir gelişimi üzerinde etkin rol oynamıştır. Amasya şehri bulunduğu konum itibari ile Anadolu'da boğaz görevi görmektedir. Dağların arasında kalan ovanın korunaklı olması şehrin birçok medeniyet tarafından ele geçirilmesine sebep olmuştur. Orta Asya'dan Anadolu'ya gelen Türkler arasında icazet alıp yola çıkan dervişler bulunmaktadır. Bu dervişler Anadolu'nun fethedilip yurt olarak benimsenmesinde büyük rol oynamışlardır. Aynı zamanda göç eden Türklerin Anadolu'ya yerleşmelerinede öncelik etmişlerdir. Orta Asya'dan gelen dervişlerin Amasya'ya gelip yerleşmesi Anadolu Selçuklu Dönemi'ne denk gelmektedir. Büyük Selçuklu Devleti'nin Orta Asya'da birçok yerde kurmuş olduğu hankah geleneği Anadolu'da da kendini göstermektedir. Bu geleneğe bağlı olarak Amasya'nın ilk tekkesi Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti döneminde yapılmıştır. Bu hankahlar Orta Asya'dan gelen dervişlerin yönetimine bırakılmakta ve bu dervişler bu mekânlarda halka sohbet vermektedirler. Ayrıca bağlı olduğu tarikat yolunu müridlerine öğreterek onların mürşid olmalarını sağlamaktadırlar. Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti'yle başlayan bu serüven kendisinden sonra gelen Türk devletleriyle aynı faaliyeti devam ettirecektir. Bu devletler arasında Amasya'da en çok tekke yapan Osmanlı Devleti'dir. Dünya üzerinde yayılmış büyük tarikatların; Amasya'da tasavvufi irşad yapması için devlet adamları tarafından tekke yaptırılması ve onların buraya gelip tekke inşa ettirmeleri, Amasya'nın "Evliyalar Şehri" olarak anılmasını sağlamıştır. Amasya şehrinin Türk dönemleriyle başlayan tasavvuf hareketlerinin şehir üzerinde vücut bulmuş bütün tekkelerinin kaynaklar üzerinden ve arazi çalışmalarıyla, günümüze gelmiş ve gelmemiş olanları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca bu tekkeler hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler verilmiş ve sanat tarihi metoduyla yapılar incelenmiştir. Bu yapıların konumları kaynaklardan edinilen bilgilerle harita üzerinde gösterilmiştir.
The migration movement that started with the Turks who arrived in Anatolia from Central Asia had an active role in the urban development of Amasya. The City of Amasya acts a choke point in Anatolia with its unique position. The protection offered by the mountains to the plain which they were surrounded caused the city to be conquered by many civilizations throughout the ages. Among the arrivals from the Central Asia there are dervishes who came by their ratifications. These dervishes had played a major role in the conquest and settlement of Anatolia. They also have been the pioneers for the later Turkish arrivals to Anatolia. The arrival and settlement of the Central Asian dervishes to Amasya happened in the Sultanate of Rum Period. The tradition of hankah which was established in Central Asia by the Great Seljuk Empire can also be found in Anatolia. Based on this tradition the first Dervish Lodge of Amasya has been established in the Sultanate of Rum period. These hankahs were assigned to the dervishes from the Central Anatolia in which they gave sermons. They also thought the way of their religious to their murids, eventually making them murshids. This adventure which started with the Sultanate of Rum continued in the later Turkish states with the same activity. Among these states Ottoman Empire is the one with the largest number of dervish lodges built. The practice of building dervish lodges in Amasya by the statesmen for the great religious orders in order to teach Islamic mysticism caused Amasya to be mentioned as "The City of Saints". In this work I have tried to locate the lodges in question which were the embodiment of the mysticist movement on the city that started with the Turkish period, by using contemporary sources and field work, trying the locate surviving or destroyed ones. Also the detail information regarding these lodges were given and the structures were examined by the art history methodology. The information gained from the sources were examined on marked on the map.
The migration movement that started with the Turks who arrived in Anatolia from Central Asia had an active role in the urban development of Amasya. The City of Amasya acts a choke point in Anatolia with its unique position. The protection offered by the mountains to the plain which they were surrounded caused the city to be conquered by many civilizations throughout the ages. Among the arrivals from the Central Asia there are dervishes who came by their ratifications. These dervishes had played a major role in the conquest and settlement of Anatolia. They also have been the pioneers for the later Turkish arrivals to Anatolia. The arrival and settlement of the Central Asian dervishes to Amasya happened in the Sultanate of Rum Period. The tradition of hankah which was established in Central Asia by the Great Seljuk Empire can also be found in Anatolia. Based on this tradition the first Dervish Lodge of Amasya has been established in the Sultanate of Rum period. These hankahs were assigned to the dervishes from the Central Anatolia in which they gave sermons. They also thought the way of their religious to their murids, eventually making them murshids. This adventure which started with the Sultanate of Rum continued in the later Turkish states with the same activity. Among these states Ottoman Empire is the one with the largest number of dervish lodges built. The practice of building dervish lodges in Amasya by the statesmen for the great religious orders in order to teach Islamic mysticism caused Amasya to be mentioned as "The City of Saints". In this work I have tried to locate the lodges in question which were the embodiment of the mysticist movement on the city that started with the Turkish period, by using contemporary sources and field work, trying the locate surviving or destroyed ones. Also the detail information regarding these lodges were given and the structures were examined by the art history methodology. The information gained from the sources were examined on marked on the map.
Description
Keywords
Amasya, Türk-İslam mimarisi, Zâviye, Hankah, İmaret, Tasavvuf, Tekke, Amasya, Turkish and Islamic architecture, Islamic mysticism, Zawiya, Hankah, Imaret, Dervish lodge
Citation
Aydın, T. (2019). Amasya tekkeleri. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.