Nitrik oksit uygulamasının biber bitkisinde (Capsicum annuum L.) kimi stres faktörleri üzerine etkisi
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Date
2020-06-08
Authors
Kayın, Günsu Barışık
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Biyotik ve abiyotik çevre etmenlerinin etkisi altında bitkilerde ortaya çıkan değişimler stres olarak tanımlanır. Bu etmenler bitkilerde önemli ürün kaybına neden olmaktadır. Bitkiler stres faktörlerinden kaynaklanan olumsuz etkilerin azaltılmasında rol oynayan bir savunma sistemine sahiptir. Bitkilerde stres koşulları altında reaktif oksijen türleri (ROT) üretilmekte ve üretilen bu bileşikler bitki hücrelerine saldırarak hücrelerde zararlanmalara ve hücre ölümlerine yol açmaktadır. ‘‘Oksidatif hasar’’ olarak adlandırılan bu zararının azaltılmasında ve bitki bünyesinden uzaklaştırılmasında antioksidatif stres enzimleri rol oynar. Nitrik oksit (NO), oksidatif stres koşullarının verdiği zarara karşı çeşitli biyolojik yollarla bitkileri koruduğu kanıtlanan çok aktif bir moleküldür. Lipofilik doğası nedeniyle hücre membranından kolayca geçebilen ve hem hücre içi hem hücre dışı haberci olarak görev yapan NO birçok fizyolojik ve kimyasal süreci düzenler. NO’in bitki hücrelerinde hücresel redoks dengesini düzenlemede ve ROT’lardan kaynaklanan oksidatif hasarın önlenmesinde önemli bir rolü vardır. . Bu çalışmada test bitkisi olarak iki farklı biber çeşidi (çarliston Yalova 341, Doru 16) seçilmiş ve bu çeşitlerde nitrik oksit (NO) vericisi olarak farklı seviyelerde (0, 25 ve 50 µM) uygulanan Sodyum Nitroprusside (SNP)'nin tuzluluk (50 mM), ağır metaller (çinko, bakır ve kadmiyum) ve bor (1 mM) kaynaklı strese karşı etkileri araştırılmıştır. Tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre oluşturulan deneme 5 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüş ve bitkilerde büyüme, fotosentetik pigmentler, stres parametreleri ve antioksidatif enzim aktivitelerindeki değişimler araştırılmıştır. Tuz, ağır metal ve bor stresine sokulan bitkilerde kuru madde miktarı ve fotosentetik pigment içeriklerinde önemli azalmalar olmuş, hidrojen peroksit (H2O2), prolin, lipid peroksidasyon (MDA) ve askorbik asit (AsA) içerikleri artmış ve buna paralel olarak süperoksit dismütaz (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), askorbat peroksidaz (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), glutatyon redüktaz (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), katalaz (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) ve peroksidaz (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) enzim aktiviteleri de önemli derecede artmıştır. NO uygulaması ile bitkilerde stres parametreleri (H2O2, prolin, MDA ve AsA) ve enzim aktiviteleri (SOD, APX, GR, CAT ve POD) önemli derecede artmıştır.
Under the influence of biotic and abiotic environmental factors, changes that occur in plants are defined as stress. These factors cause significant product loss in plants. Plants have a defense system that plays a role in reducing negative effects caused by stress factors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in plants under stress conditions, and these compounds attack the plant cells, causing damage to the cells and cell deaths. Antioxidative stress enzymes play a role in reducing this harm called 'oxidative damage' and removing it from the plant. Nitric oxide (NO) is a very active molecule that has been proven to protect plants in various biological ways against damage caused by oxidative stress conditions. NO, which can easily pass through the cell membrane due to its lipophilic nature and acts as both intracellular and extracellular messenger, regulates many physiological and chemical processes. NO plays an important role in regulating cellular redox balances in plant cells and preventing oxidative damage sourced by reactive oxygen species. In this study, two different pepper varieties (çarliston Yalova 341, Doru 16) were selected as test plants and in these varieties, the effects of SNP applied at different levels (0, 25 and 50 µM), as an NO donor, on stress-induced by salinity (50 mM), heavy metals (zinc, copper, and cadmium), and boron (1 mM) were investigated. In the plants exposed to salt, heavy metal and boron stress, there was a significant decrease in the dry matter amount and photosynthetic pigment content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents increased and in parallel, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) enzyme activities are also significantly increased. With NO application, stress parameters (H2O2, proline, MDA and AsA) and enzyme activities (SOD, APX, GR, CAT and POD) have significantly increased in plants
Under the influence of biotic and abiotic environmental factors, changes that occur in plants are defined as stress. These factors cause significant product loss in plants. Plants have a defense system that plays a role in reducing negative effects caused by stress factors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in plants under stress conditions, and these compounds attack the plant cells, causing damage to the cells and cell deaths. Antioxidative stress enzymes play a role in reducing this harm called 'oxidative damage' and removing it from the plant. Nitric oxide (NO) is a very active molecule that has been proven to protect plants in various biological ways against damage caused by oxidative stress conditions. NO, which can easily pass through the cell membrane due to its lipophilic nature and acts as both intracellular and extracellular messenger, regulates many physiological and chemical processes. NO plays an important role in regulating cellular redox balances in plant cells and preventing oxidative damage sourced by reactive oxygen species. In this study, two different pepper varieties (çarliston Yalova 341, Doru 16) were selected as test plants and in these varieties, the effects of SNP applied at different levels (0, 25 and 50 µM), as an NO donor, on stress-induced by salinity (50 mM), heavy metals (zinc, copper, and cadmium), and boron (1 mM) were investigated. In the plants exposed to salt, heavy metal and boron stress, there was a significant decrease in the dry matter amount and photosynthetic pigment content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents increased and in parallel, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) enzyme activities are also significantly increased. With NO application, stress parameters (H2O2, proline, MDA and AsA) and enzyme activities (SOD, APX, GR, CAT and POD) have significantly increased in plants
Description
Keywords
Antioksidatif enzimler, Antioxidative enzymes, Nitrik oksit, Ağır metal stresi, Tuz stresi, Nitric oxide, Heavy metal stress, Salt stress
Citation
Kayın, G. B. (2020). Nitrik oksit uygulamasının biber bitkisinde (Capsicum annuum L.) kimi stres faktörleri üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.