Schmallenberg virus: ruminantlarda görülen yeni bir hastalık etkeni
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Date
2012-09-27
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
2011 yılının ağustos-kasım ayları arasında Avrupa’daki birçok ülkede ruminantları etkileyen ve önemli düzeyde kayıplara neden olan yeni bir viral hastalık ortaya çıkmıştır. Genel olarak bulaşma yolları ve klinik bulguları Akabane hastalığına benzerlik gösteren bu yeni hastalığın sokucu sineklerle bulaştırıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Schmallenberg virusu olarak isimlendirilen hastalık etkeni Bunyaviridae ailesinin Orthobunyavirus genusunda, Simbu serogrubunda sınıflandırılmıştır. Hastalığın bulaştırılmasında Culicoides obsoletus ve C. dewulfi türü sokucu sinekler rol almaktadır. Erişkin hayvanlarda süt veriminde azalma, ishal ve ateş gibi geçici klinik semptomlarla seyreden hastalık, gebe hayvanlardan doğan yavrularda artrogripozis, skoliosis, tortikollis, beyin hipoplazisi, brahignati gibi malformasyonlara neden olmaktadır. Hastalıkla ilgili elde edilen ilk veriler virusun sığır, koyun ve keçilerle birlikte bazı geyik türlerini de etkilediğini göstermektedir. İlk olarak Almanya ve Hollanda da başlayan epidemide Belçika, İngiltere, Fransa, İtalya, İspanya ve Lüksemburg’ta klinik vakalar gözlenmiş, Danimarka’da ise sokucu sineklerde virus tespiti yapılmıştır. Hastalık etkeninin vektörü olan sinek türleri ülkemizde de bulunmasına karşın henüz hastalık çıkışı gözlenmemiştir.
Between August and November, 2011 a new viral infection affecting ruminant species had been existed in many European countries. The infection having clinical symptoms similar to Akabane have been shown to be transmitted by blood suckling mosquitoes. The virus, so called “Schmallenberg virus” was classified in the Simbu serogroup of Orthobunyavirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae. It was demonstrated that the vector of the virus are Culicoides obsoletus and C. dewulfi. The most common disease symptoms in adult animals were reduction in milk yield, diarrhoea and fever with a full and rapid recovery over several days. SBV in newborns is mostly detected with malformations that are regularly born at term. In malformed fetuses, arthrogryposis, scoliosis, torticollis, brachygnathia and brain malformations are recorded. Obtained early data showed that the Schmallenberg virus affects cattle, sheep, goats and some deer species. The first epidemic began in Germany and Holland then clinical cases were reported from Belgium, England, France, Italy, Spain and Luxemburg. However, the virus was detected only in mosquitoes in Denmark. The vectors of the virus also found in Turkey but the infection has not existed yet.
Between August and November, 2011 a new viral infection affecting ruminant species had been existed in many European countries. The infection having clinical symptoms similar to Akabane have been shown to be transmitted by blood suckling mosquitoes. The virus, so called “Schmallenberg virus” was classified in the Simbu serogroup of Orthobunyavirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae. It was demonstrated that the vector of the virus are Culicoides obsoletus and C. dewulfi. The most common disease symptoms in adult animals were reduction in milk yield, diarrhoea and fever with a full and rapid recovery over several days. SBV in newborns is mostly detected with malformations that are regularly born at term. In malformed fetuses, arthrogryposis, scoliosis, torticollis, brachygnathia and brain malformations are recorded. Obtained early data showed that the Schmallenberg virus affects cattle, sheep, goats and some deer species. The first epidemic began in Germany and Holland then clinical cases were reported from Belgium, England, France, Italy, Spain and Luxemburg. However, the virus was detected only in mosquitoes in Denmark. The vectors of the virus also found in Turkey but the infection has not existed yet.
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Keywords
Schmallenberg virus, Ruminant, Orthobunyavirus, Ruminants, Arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome, Artrogripozis-hidranensefali
Citation
Tuncer, P. ve Yeşilbağ, K. (2012). "Schmallenberg virus: ruminantlarda görülen yeni bir hastalık etkeni". Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 31 (1), 63-71.