Sıçanlarda tolüen toksisitesinin asetilkolinesteraz, Na+/K+ ATPaz, fosfofruktokinaz aktiviteleri üzerine etkisinin post-mortem araştırılması
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Date
2018-07-06
Authors
Mohammed, Abdelazim Adil
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Planlanan bu çalışmada, sıçanlarda tolüen maruziyetine bağlı gerçekleşen ölümlerde asetilkolinesteraz, Na+/K+ ATPaz ve fosfofruktokinaz enzimlerinin kalp kanı ve beyin dokusunda post-mortem düzeylerinin incelenmesi, ölüm sonrası geçen zamana bağlı olarak aktivite değişimlerinin hesaplanması amaçlanmaktadır. Tolüen maruziyeti sebebiyle gerçekleşen ani ölümlerde enzimlerin (asetilkolinesteraz, Na+/K+ ATPaz, fosfofruktokinaz) nasıl etkilendiği incelenerek ölüm zamanı ile ilişkisi araştırılacaktır. Organik çözücüler günlük yaşamda sık kullanılan sıvı maddelerdir. Çeşitli alanlarda kullanılır (tiner, boyalar, boya incelticiler, vernik, pas önleyiciler, yapıştırıcılar, solvent tabanlı temizleyiciler, kozmetik ürünleri vb.) ve insanlar bu çözücülere inhalasyon, cilt teması, oral yol gibi çeşitli şekillerde maruz kalırlar. Bu kimyasallar arasında özellikle toplumun düşük sosyoekonomik grubundaki gençler tarafından narkotik olarak kullanılan uçucu maddeler bulunmaktadır. Türkiye'de orta öğrenim gören öğrencilerin, uçucu madde kullanım sıklığının %5,1 civarında olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Tolüen; renksiz, berrak, keskin ve hoş kokusu olan uçucu bir sıvı hidrokarbondur. Ham petrolden benzin ve diğer yakıtların ayrıştırılması sırasında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Endüstride sık kullanılan bir maddedir, tolüenin başlıca; boyalar, vernik, pas önleyiciler, yapıştırıcılar, solvent tabanlı temizleyicilerde, boya incelticiler ve ayrıca kozmetik ürünlerde kullanması yaygındır. Çok yaygın bir kullanıma sahip olan tolüene maruz kalan canlılarda kalp, akciğer, karaciğer, böbrek, sinir sistemi ve beyin üzerinde hasar bırakır. Tolüen, absorbsiyonu sonrası sitokrom p-450 enzim ailesi tarafından okside olur ve sonuçta reaktif oksijen türleri (ROS) oluşur. Bu reaktif oksijen türleri birçok doku ve organda hücresel toksisiteye neden olur. Organik solventlerin hücre hasarındaki toksik etkilerini ROS oluşumu yolu ile gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Süperoksid anyonu, ferril ve hidroksil iyonları gibi reaktif oksijen ürünlerinin lipid peroksidasyonlarını başlattığı bilinmektedir. ROS'un zararlı etkilerine engel olmak üzere antioksidan savunma sistemleri gelişmiştir. Ancak bazı durumlarda mevcut antioksidan savunma sistemi serbest radikallerin etkisini tamamen önleyemez ve oksidatif stres olarak adlandırılan durum ortaya çıkar. Oksidatif stres ile birlikte oluşan ve ROS olarak bilinen moleküller, özellikle lipit, protein ve DNA gibi hücre bileşenlerine zarar verir.
In this study, it is aimed to investigate the post-mortem levels of acetylcholinesterase, Na + / K+ ATPase and phosphofructokinase enzymes in the blood of the heart and brain tissues, and to calculate the activity changes depending on the time after death in deaths due to toluene exposure in rats. In addition to how the enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, Na + / K + ATPase, phosphofructokinase) are affected by sudden deaths due to toluene exposure, and the relationship with the time of death will be investigated. Organic solvents are frequently used liquids in everyday life. It is used in various areas (thinner, dyes, paint thinners, varnishes, rust inhibitors, adhesives, solvent-based cleaners, cosmetics etc.) and people are exposed to these solvents in various forms such as inhalation, skin contact, oral route. These chemicals are in particular volatile substances used as narcotics by young people in the low socioeconomic group of the society. There is a continuous increase of 5.1% in the prevalence of this volatile substance, especially among secondary students in Turkey. Toluene; a volatile liquid hydrocarbone with colorless, bright, strong and pleasant odor. This liquid is shown during the decomposition of gasoline and other fuels from crude oil. In the industry it is a commonly used material, toluene is mainly used in; paints, varnishes, rust inhibitors, adhesives, solvent-based cleaners, paint thinners and also cosmetic products, And other common uses. Exposure to toluene causes damage to the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, nervous system and brain. Toluene is oxidized by the cytochrome p450 enzyme family after absorption, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS), these ROS cause cellular toxicity in many tissues and organs. It has been determined that organic solvents show toxic effects of cell damage through the formation of ROS. Superoxide anion is known to initiate lipid peroxidation of ROS such as ferric and hydroxyl ions. Antioxidant defense systems have been developed to prevent the harmful effects of ROS. However, in some cases, the available antioxidant defense system can not completely inhibit the action of free radicals and the condition called oxidative stress occurs. Molecules that are formed by oxidative stress and are known as ROS, it damages especially cell components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA.
In this study, it is aimed to investigate the post-mortem levels of acetylcholinesterase, Na + / K+ ATPase and phosphofructokinase enzymes in the blood of the heart and brain tissues, and to calculate the activity changes depending on the time after death in deaths due to toluene exposure in rats. In addition to how the enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, Na + / K + ATPase, phosphofructokinase) are affected by sudden deaths due to toluene exposure, and the relationship with the time of death will be investigated. Organic solvents are frequently used liquids in everyday life. It is used in various areas (thinner, dyes, paint thinners, varnishes, rust inhibitors, adhesives, solvent-based cleaners, cosmetics etc.) and people are exposed to these solvents in various forms such as inhalation, skin contact, oral route. These chemicals are in particular volatile substances used as narcotics by young people in the low socioeconomic group of the society. There is a continuous increase of 5.1% in the prevalence of this volatile substance, especially among secondary students in Turkey. Toluene; a volatile liquid hydrocarbone with colorless, bright, strong and pleasant odor. This liquid is shown during the decomposition of gasoline and other fuels from crude oil. In the industry it is a commonly used material, toluene is mainly used in; paints, varnishes, rust inhibitors, adhesives, solvent-based cleaners, paint thinners and also cosmetic products, And other common uses. Exposure to toluene causes damage to the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, nervous system and brain. Toluene is oxidized by the cytochrome p450 enzyme family after absorption, resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS), these ROS cause cellular toxicity in many tissues and organs. It has been determined that organic solvents show toxic effects of cell damage through the formation of ROS. Superoxide anion is known to initiate lipid peroxidation of ROS such as ferric and hydroxyl ions. Antioxidant defense systems have been developed to prevent the harmful effects of ROS. However, in some cases, the available antioxidant defense system can not completely inhibit the action of free radicals and the condition called oxidative stress occurs. Molecules that are formed by oxidative stress and are known as ROS, it damages especially cell components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA.
Description
Keywords
Tolüen, Postmortem Asetilkolinesteraz, Na+/K+ ATPaz, Fosfofruktokinaz, Toluene, Post-mortem, Acetylcholinesterase, Na + / K + ATPase, Phosphofructokinase
Citation
Mohammed, A. A. (2018). Sıçanlarda tolüen toksisitesinin asetilkolinesteraz, Na+/K+ ATPaz, fosfofruktokinaz aktiviteleri üzerine etkisinin post-mortem araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.