Mütevâtir kıraatlerde tenkit olgusu (hicrî ilk dört asır)

Abstract

This dissertation provides an in-depth examination of the phenomenon of criticism in the field of qiraat that emerged during the first four Hijri centuries. The revelation of the Qur'an in seven aḥruf laid the foundation for the diversity of qiraat based on different dialects and modes of pronunciation. Over time, this diversity attracted the attention of scholars, leading to varying approaches regarding the acceptance or rejection of certain qiraat. This study meticulously analyzes the reasons behind the criticism of qiraat and the responses of scholars of recitation to these critiques. The research is structured into two main sections. The first section explores the lexical and terminological meanings of tenkit in the field of qiraat. It further examines the historical factors that influenced the emergence of qiraat criticism, including the issue of seven aḥruf, The Final Presentation, the compilation and transcription of the muṣḥaf, the criteria for the acceptance of a qiraat, and Ibn Mujahid's standardization of qiraat to seven canonical readings. Additionally, the views of prominent scholars involved in the critique of qiraat, such as Abu Amr al-Basri, Yahya b. Ziyad al-Farra, Abu Ubayd al-Qasim b. Sallam, and Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, are critically evaluated. The second section details how qiraat were criticized based on the reliability of their transmitters, their conformity to Arabic linguistic principles, and their consistency with the rasm of the Mushaf. The rawi’s retention ability, adherence to transmission discipline, compatibility of the qiraat with Arabic dialects, and their alignment with syntax and morphology rules are analyzed. Furthermore, critiques related to potential contradictions with the rasm of the muṣḥaf are discussed, along with the scholarly responses to these critiques. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that criticism of qiraat is not merely an academic debate but plays a crucial role in the preservation of the Qur'an. By providing a solid foundation for future research in the field of qiraat, this dissertation aims to make a significant contribution to the defense of the authenticity of the Qur'an and the validation of its qiraat.This dissertation provides an in-depth examination of the phenomenon of criticism in the field of qiraat that emerged during the first four Hijri centuries. The revelation of the Qur'an in seven aḥruf laid the foundation for the diversity of qiraat based on different dialects and modes of pronunciation. Over time, this diversity attracted the attention of scholars, leading to varying approaches regarding the acceptance or rejection of certain qiraat. This study meticulously analyzes the reasons behind the criticism of qiraat and the responses of scholars of recitation to these critiques. The research is structured into two main sections. The first section explores the lexical and terminological meanings of tenkit in the field of qiraat. It further examines the historical factors that influenced the emergence of qiraat criticism, including the issue of seven aḥruf, The Final Presentation, the compilation and transcription of the muṣḥaf, the criteria for the acceptance of a qiraat, and Ibn Mujahid's standardization of qiraat to seven canonical readings. Additionally, the views of prominent scholars involved in the critique of qiraat, such as Abu Amr al-Basri, Yahya b. Ziyad al-Farra, Abu Ubayd al-Qasim b. Sallam, and Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, are critically evaluated. The second section details how qiraat were criticized based on the reliability of their transmitters, their conformity to Arabic linguistic principles, and their consistency with the rasm of the Mushaf. The rawi’s retention ability, adherence to transmission discipline, compatibility of the qiraat with Arabic dialects, and their alignment with syntax and morphology rules are analyzed. Furthermore, critiques related to potential contradictions with the rasm of the muṣḥaf are discussed, along with the scholarly responses to these critiques. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that criticism of qiraat is not merely an academic debate but plays a crucial role in the preservation of the Qur'an. By providing a solid foundation for future research in the field of qiraat, this dissertation aims to make a significant contribution to the defense of the authenticity of the Qur'an and the validation of its qiraat.