Assisted fertilization

Abstract

Assisted reproduction has recently entered the field of interest of researchers and physicians and has become an open topic of research. Considering the 1.5 million babies born with assisted reproductive techniques today, we can also understand why this topic has become so popular. By 1978, 112 embryo transfers had been performed. The last transfer, which was made in July 1978, resulted in pregnancy and the first IVF baby was born in the history of ECO.By the end of the 1980s, a series of methods had been developed, the most famous of which were partial zone dissection (PZD) and subzonal sperm insemination (SUZI). A technical accident in 1992 led to the achievement of clinical success by microinjecting one sperm directly into the ooplasm of the oocyte, and thus to the discovery that successful in vitro fertilization can be achieved. The concept of assisted reproductive techniques refers to the whole process, including in vitro interventions of human oocytes, sperm, and embryos for reproductive purposes. These interventions include classical in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracy- toplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and intrauterine insemination (IUI) (de Geyter, 2019). In this section, the medical indications of these applications will be explained. In vitro fertilization is a set of procedures that involve extracorporeal fertilization of gametes. It includes traditional in vitro insemination and ICSI. The in vitro fertilization method was first used in infertile individuals with tuba uterine dysfunction. With the change and development of assisted reproductive techniques over time, IVF has begun to be used for a wide variety of indications.