Determination of differentially expressed late responsive genes upon treatments of bth, baba and trichoderma harzianum in wheat

Abstract

Chemically and biologically induced genes are involved in complex sets of defense responses against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Understanding the cross-link between specific and non-specific responses, systemic acquired resistance (SAR), upstream and downstream signaling molecules that regulate the transduction pathway is essential to solve response mechanisms. The wheat line Avocet-S was treated with benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and Trichoderma harzianum Raifi KRL-AG2, potentially used as bio-control fungal agent, for identification of candidate genes/gene fragments induced/repressed upon treatments. The differentially expressed wheat genes were detected by Differential Display RTPCR (DDRT-PCR), then cloned and sequenced. GenBank database was searched for significant hits of known genes using blastn algorithm. To verify the differences in the expressions of these gene fragments quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted. The confirmed differentially expressed wheat genes are Triticum aestivum Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (TaUBC2), T. aestivum inducible phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (TaPAL1), T.aestivum autophagy-related protein 8 (TaATG8) and an unknown protein (TR1AE_CS42_4AL_TGACv1_288542_AA0951670.1). These findings are useful for identification of novel mechanisms modulating the defense-signaling network. Autophagy, ubiquitination and phenylpropanoid metabolism are important for immune responses and they can be activated by nonpathogenic chemicals and biological agents.