Maternal preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of retinopathy of prematurity

Abstract

Objective: To determine the effect of maternal preeclampsia on development and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants.

Methods: This prospective study consisted of two groups: the study group, which is composed of preterm infants (<= 32 weeks) born to a mother with preeclampsia, and the comparison group, which is composed of preterm infants (<= 32 gestational age) born to normotensive mothers. We used the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity Revisited for classifying ROP. The first eye examination was performed at postnatal age of 4 weeks.

Results: A total of 385 infants were included in the study. ROP was diagnosed in 109 infants (28%). The incidence of ROP in infants born to preeclamptic mothers (40.5%) was significantly higher compared with those born to normotensive mothers (22.4%) (P<0.05). The number of infants with stage 1, 2, and 3 ROP was significantly higher in infants born to preeclamptic mothers compared with the control group (P<0.05). In multiple logistic regression model, preeclampsia was found to predict ROP (odds ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 0.66-1.90).

Conclusion: Maternal preeclampsia was found to be associated with increased ROP development risk in premature infants. ROP was also more severe in infants born to preeclamptic mothers. The role of maternal preeclampsia in the occurrence and severity of ROP remains to be elucidated.