Yayın: Fâtımî Devleti’nde Kelbî idarecileri (H.296-443/M.909-1052)
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Kavas, Hatice
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Apak, Adem
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Özet
Fâtımî Devleti, Abbâsîler’e bağlı Ağlebîler’in hâkim olduğu İfrîkıye’de kuruluştur. Devletin kuruluşundan önce Şiî-İsmâilî mezhebin dâîleri bölge halkı ile ilişkiler geliştirerek yeni kurulacak yönetimin temellerini atmışlardır. Bu doğrultuda Emevîler döneminden itibaren İfrîkıye, Mağrib, Sicilya ve Endülüs’te önemli devlet görevlerinde bulunan ve bölge idaresinde tecrübe sahibi olan Kelbîler ile irtibat kurulmuştur. Fâtımîler ile ilişkileri devletin kuruluşundan önceye dayanan Kelbî Benî Ebi’l-Hüseyin ailesi ilerleyen dönemde Fâtımîler’in İfrîkıye, Mısır ve Sicilya politikasında etkin bir rol üstlenmiştir. İfrîkıye’de isyanların bastırılması, Mısır’da yeni idarenin tesisi ve Sicilya’da Bizans ile mücadelede belirleyici görevlerde bulunmuşlardır. Kelbîler’e Fâtımîler nezdinde asıl etkili konumu sağlayan da Sicilya’da Bizans ordularına karşı yürüttükleri savaşlar olmuştur. Bu sayede Akdeniz’deki otoritelerinin güçlenmesi sonucunda Fâtımîler, Sicilya’daki askerî faaliyetleri devletin meşruiyet kaynağı olarak görmüşlerdir. Bu çalışma Kelbî Benî Ebi’l-Hüseyin ailesinin Fâtımî idaresinde İfrîkıye, Mısır ve Sicilya bölgelerinde üstlendikleri rolü konu edinmektedir. Kelbî Benî Ebi’l-Hüseyin ailesinin Fâtımî Devleti idarî hayatında bulundukları görevleri İfrîkıye, Mısır ve Sicilya’daki merkezler üzerinden ele alan bu tezin amacı, Kelbîler’in Fâtımîler’in Mağrib’e yönelik politikalar izlenen ilk döneminde devletin siyasî hayata yön veren temel unsurlarından biri olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Tezde Kelbîler’i Fâtımîler’e yaklaştıran nedenler, bölgedeki diğer kabileler arasında temayüz etmelerinin sebepleri ve Fâtımîler’in meşruiyetinin temellendirilmesinde üstlendikleri görevler değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Fâtımî Devleti’ndeki Mağribî unsurlarla etkileşim halinde olan ve bölge halkını yönetme tecrübesi bulunan Kelbîler, Fâtımîler’in Mağrib ve Mısır siyaseti yürüttüğü dönemde ön planda yer alarak Kahire’de vezirlik makamına kadar yükselirken, devletin hedefini tamamıyla doğu topraklarına yöneltmesiyle idarî hayattan uzaklaşmışlardır.
The Fatimid Caliphate was established in Ifriqiya, a region then under the control of the Aghlabids, who were vassals of the Abbasids. Prior to the foundation of the state, da‘is of the Isma‘ili sect had engaged with the local population, laying the groundwork for the new regime. In this context, connections were formed with the Kalbids –an influential family with administrative experience in the region– who had held important government positions in Ifriqiya, Maghreb, Sicily, and al-Andalus since the Umayyad period. The Banu Abi’l-Husayn branch of the Kalbid family, whose ties to the Fatimids predated the state’s establishment, would go on to play a prominent role in shaping Fatimid policy in Ifriqiya, Egypt, and Sicily. They were instrumental in suppressing revolts in Ifriqiya, establishing the new administration in Egypt, and leading military campaigns against the Byzantines in Sicily. It was their campaigns against Byzantine forces in Sicily that secured the Kalbids a position of real influence within the Fatimid administration. These efforts bolstered Fatimid authority in the Mediterranean, and the military activities in Sicily came to be regarded as a source of legitimacy for the state. This study focuses on the role played by the Banu Abi’l-Husayn family of the Kalbids in the administration of Ifriqiya, Egypt, and Sicily under the Fatimid regime. The aim of this thesis is to examine the official duties undertaken by this family in various administrative centers of these regions and to demonstrate that the Kalbids were one of the key elements shaping the political life of the state during the initial phase of the Fatimids’ Maghreb-oriented policies. The thesis attempts to analyze the reasons behind the Kalbids’ closeness to the Fatimids, the factors that distinguished them among other tribes in the region, and the roles they played in legitimizing the Fatimid state. Having interacted with the Maghrebi elements within the Fatimid state and with prior experience in governing the local population, the Kalbids held a prominent position during the period when the Fatimids focused on policies concerning the Maghreb and Egypt. They rose as high as the vizierate in Cairo. However, as the state increasingly shifted its focus to eastern territories, the Kalbids gradually withdrew from the administrative scene.
The Fatimid Caliphate was established in Ifriqiya, a region then under the control of the Aghlabids, who were vassals of the Abbasids. Prior to the foundation of the state, da‘is of the Isma‘ili sect had engaged with the local population, laying the groundwork for the new regime. In this context, connections were formed with the Kalbids –an influential family with administrative experience in the region– who had held important government positions in Ifriqiya, Maghreb, Sicily, and al-Andalus since the Umayyad period. The Banu Abi’l-Husayn branch of the Kalbid family, whose ties to the Fatimids predated the state’s establishment, would go on to play a prominent role in shaping Fatimid policy in Ifriqiya, Egypt, and Sicily. They were instrumental in suppressing revolts in Ifriqiya, establishing the new administration in Egypt, and leading military campaigns against the Byzantines in Sicily. It was their campaigns against Byzantine forces in Sicily that secured the Kalbids a position of real influence within the Fatimid administration. These efforts bolstered Fatimid authority in the Mediterranean, and the military activities in Sicily came to be regarded as a source of legitimacy for the state. This study focuses on the role played by the Banu Abi’l-Husayn family of the Kalbids in the administration of Ifriqiya, Egypt, and Sicily under the Fatimid regime. The aim of this thesis is to examine the official duties undertaken by this family in various administrative centers of these regions and to demonstrate that the Kalbids were one of the key elements shaping the political life of the state during the initial phase of the Fatimids’ Maghreb-oriented policies. The thesis attempts to analyze the reasons behind the Kalbids’ closeness to the Fatimids, the factors that distinguished them among other tribes in the region, and the roles they played in legitimizing the Fatimid state. Having interacted with the Maghrebi elements within the Fatimid state and with prior experience in governing the local population, the Kalbids held a prominent position during the period when the Fatimids focused on policies concerning the Maghreb and Egypt. They rose as high as the vizierate in Cairo. However, as the state increasingly shifted its focus to eastern territories, the Kalbids gradually withdrew from the administrative scene.
Açıklama
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Konusu
Fâtımîler, Kelbîler, Benî Ebi’l-Hüseyin, İfrîkıye, Mağrib, Sicilya, Mısır, Fatimids, Kalbids, Banu Abi’l-Husayn, Ifriqiya, Maghreb, Sicily, Egypt
