Yayın: SEM ve FTIR yöntemlerini kullanarak adli vakalarda lif mukayesesi ile olayların aydınlatılmasında yaklaşımlar
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Öner, Beran
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İzgi, Belgin
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Özet
İnsanlık tarihinin ilk dönemlerinden bu yana, pamuk, keten ve yün gibi doğal lifler; ısınma, korunma ve örtünme gibi temel ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında önemli rol oynamıştır. Ancak doğal liflerin üretim maliyetlerinin yüksekliği ve artan nüfusun taleplerine yanıt vermedeki yetersizliği, laboratuvar ortamında kimyasal yöntemlerle sentetik liflerin geliştirilmesini gerekli kılmıştır. Artan suç oranlarıyla birlikte, olay yeri incelemelerinde elde edilen doğal ve sentetik lif bulguları; karşılaştırmalı analizlerle önemli bilgiler sunmakta ve adli süreçlerde delil niteliği taşıyan materyaller olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, olay yerinde tespit edilen lif türlerinden esinlenilerek (jut, polyester, pamuk, keten), farklı oranlardaki tuz çözeltileri ile sodyum bikarbonatlı ortamlarda ve çeşitli ağırlıklarda bekletilme koşulları kullanılarak deneysel senaryolar oluşturulmuştur (ası cinayeti modeli). Elde edilen lif numuneleri öncelikle optik mikroskop ile fiziksel açıdan incelenmiş, ardından Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FTIR) ile kimyasal yapıları karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Işık, sıcaklık ve neme karşı diğer lif türlerine kıyasla daha fazla duyarlılık gösteren jut lifinin kalınlık değişimleri, optik mikroskoptan ziyade daha yüksek çözünürlük sağlayan Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile daha belirgin şekilde tespit edilmiştir. SEM analizleri sonucunda, jut liflerinde kalınlık açısından artış eğilimli değişkenlik gözlemlenmiştir. Elde edilen farklı mukayese sonuçları, olay çözümünde daha yönlendirici bilgiler sunarken; benzerlik gösteren bulgular ise şüpheliyle bağlantılı kuvvetli delillerin elde edilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Suçun ve suçlunun doğru şekilde tespit edilerek adaletin hızlı ve güvenilir biçimde sağlanabilmesi açısından, olay yerinde tespit edilen fiziksel bulguların bilimsel ve teknik yöntemlerle analiz edilmesi; olay yeri inceleme uzmanları ile adli tıp ve kriminal laboratuvar çalışanlarının iş birliğiyle büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Since the early stages of human history, natural fibers such as cotton, flax, and wool have played a vital role in meeting basic needs such as heating, protection, and covering. However, the high production costs of natural fibers and their inability to meet the demands of an increasing population have necessitated the development of synthetic fibers through chemical methods in laboratory settings. With the rise in crime rates, natural and synthetic fiber traces obtained during crime scene investigations have gained importance as comparative analyses provide valuable information and are increasingly utilized as evidential materials in forensic processes. In this study, experimental scenarios were designed by drawing inspiration from fiber types commonly found at crime scenes (jute, polyester, cotton, flax). These fibers were subjected to various conditions involving sodium bicarbonate solutions and saline environments with different concentrations and weights over varying durations (asphyxiation/hanging crime simulation). Initially, physical examinations of the fiber samples were conducted using optical microscopy. To strengthen comparative assessments, the fibers were further analyzed and identified chemically using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Jute fibers, which exhibited greater sensitivity to light, heat, and humidity compared to other types, showed more noticeable thickness variations under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which offers higher resolution than optical microscopy. SEM analyses revealed a general tendency for increased fiber thickness under changing conditions. While differing comparison results provided clearer and more directive insights into crime reconstruction, similar results contributed to the establishment of strong evidence that could link the suspect to the scene. For accurate identification of the crime and perpetrator, and to ensure that justice is delivered swiftly and reliably, it is essential that physical evidence collected at the crime scene is examined using scientific and technical methods in collaboration with forensic medicine and criminal laboratories.
Since the early stages of human history, natural fibers such as cotton, flax, and wool have played a vital role in meeting basic needs such as heating, protection, and covering. However, the high production costs of natural fibers and their inability to meet the demands of an increasing population have necessitated the development of synthetic fibers through chemical methods in laboratory settings. With the rise in crime rates, natural and synthetic fiber traces obtained during crime scene investigations have gained importance as comparative analyses provide valuable information and are increasingly utilized as evidential materials in forensic processes. In this study, experimental scenarios were designed by drawing inspiration from fiber types commonly found at crime scenes (jute, polyester, cotton, flax). These fibers were subjected to various conditions involving sodium bicarbonate solutions and saline environments with different concentrations and weights over varying durations (asphyxiation/hanging crime simulation). Initially, physical examinations of the fiber samples were conducted using optical microscopy. To strengthen comparative assessments, the fibers were further analyzed and identified chemically using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Jute fibers, which exhibited greater sensitivity to light, heat, and humidity compared to other types, showed more noticeable thickness variations under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which offers higher resolution than optical microscopy. SEM analyses revealed a general tendency for increased fiber thickness under changing conditions. While differing comparison results provided clearer and more directive insights into crime reconstruction, similar results contributed to the establishment of strong evidence that could link the suspect to the scene. For accurate identification of the crime and perpetrator, and to ensure that justice is delivered swiftly and reliably, it is essential that physical evidence collected at the crime scene is examined using scientific and technical methods in collaboration with forensic medicine and criminal laboratories.
Açıklama
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Konusu
Adli lif analizi, Fiziksel incelemeler, Taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR), Adli bilimler, Fiber analysis, Physical examinations, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Forensic sciences
