Publication: Hristiyanlık’ta Başmelek Aziz Mikail kültü: Köken, teşekkül, yayılma ve tezahür
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Özel, Halil
Advisor
Güç, Ahmet
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Hristiyan teoloji ve dinî ritüeller bütünü içinde mühim bir yere sahip azizler kültü, Hristiyanlığın doğuşundan kısa süre sonra ortaya çıkmıştır. İnsan azizler ağırlıklı bu kült içinde farklı bir kategori olarak melek azizler de mevcuttur. Azize Meryem bir kenara bırakılacak olursa çoğu zaman insan azizler de dahil olmak üzere bu iki kategorinin tarih boyunca en popüler azizi, Başmeklek Aziz Mikail olmuştur. Aziz Mikail’in etrafında teşekkül eden kültün en mühim menşeini Yahudi geleneği oluşturmaktadır. Yahudi Başmelek Mikail mirasını işleyen Hristiyan gelenek, bu sırada Zerdüştî, Mitraist ve Yunan paganizminden bazı unsurları devşirerek kendi Başmelek Aziz Mikail kültünü ortaya çıkarmıştır. Anadolu’da, Honaz’da (Chonae) doğan kültün ilk safhasındaki en mühim unsur, Aziz Mikail’in, şifalı sular/kaplıcalarla bahşettiği mucizevi şifa ve tabiat üzerindeki tasarruflarıdır. Başlarda kilise tarafından yasaklanan kültün daha sonra teşvik edilmesiyle birlikte Bizans başkentinden Adalar Denizi’ne, Afrika’ya ve Avrupa’ya yayılması sırasında pek çok yeni Mikail efsanesi, geleneği ve pratikleri üretilmiştir. Aziz Mikail, yalnızca Katolik ve Ortodoks gelenekte değil, senkretist büyü ve muskapratiklerinden Hristiyan gnostiklerine, Mikail’in gerçek kimliği üzerine tartışmalarını sürdüren çeşitli yeni Hristiyan hareketlerine ve nihayet New Age dindarlığına kadar farklı birçok gelenek ve harekette kendine yer bulmayı başarmış, günümüzde popülerliğini oldukça canlı bir şekilde koruyan çok yüzlü bir külte sahiptir.
The cult of saints, which has an important place in Christian theology and religious rituals, emerged shortly after the birth of Christianity. Within this cult, which is dominated by human saints, there are also angelic saints as a different category. Leaving aside St Mary, the most popular saint of these two categories, including human saints, has been St Michael the Archangel throughout history. The cult around St Michael has its most important origin in the Jewish tradition. The Christian tradition, which had been processing the Jewish legacy of St Michael the Archangel, in the meantime, had taken over some elements from Zoroastrian, Mithraist and Greek paganism and created its own cult of St Michael the Archangel. Born in Honaz (Chonae) in Anatolia, the most important element in the first phase of the cult was St Michael's miraculous healing through healing waters/spas and his control over nature. Initially forbidden by the Church, the cult was later encouraged and many new legends, traditions and practices of Michael were produced as it spread from the Byzantine capital to the Sea of Islands, Africa and Europe. St Michael is a multi-faceted cult that has managed to find its place not only in the Catholic and Orthodox tradition, but also in many other traditions and movements, from syncretistic magic and amulet practices to Christian gnostics, various new Christian movements that continue to debate the true identity of Michael, and finally New Age religiosity, and which remains very popular today.
The cult of saints, which has an important place in Christian theology and religious rituals, emerged shortly after the birth of Christianity. Within this cult, which is dominated by human saints, there are also angelic saints as a different category. Leaving aside St Mary, the most popular saint of these two categories, including human saints, has been St Michael the Archangel throughout history. The cult around St Michael has its most important origin in the Jewish tradition. The Christian tradition, which had been processing the Jewish legacy of St Michael the Archangel, in the meantime, had taken over some elements from Zoroastrian, Mithraist and Greek paganism and created its own cult of St Michael the Archangel. Born in Honaz (Chonae) in Anatolia, the most important element in the first phase of the cult was St Michael's miraculous healing through healing waters/spas and his control over nature. Initially forbidden by the Church, the cult was later encouraged and many new legends, traditions and practices of Michael were produced as it spread from the Byzantine capital to the Sea of Islands, Africa and Europe. St Michael is a multi-faceted cult that has managed to find its place not only in the Catholic and Orthodox tradition, but also in many other traditions and movements, from syncretistic magic and amulet practices to Christian gnostics, various new Christian movements that continue to debate the true identity of Michael, and finally New Age religiosity, and which remains very popular today.
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Keywords
Başmelek Aziz Mikail, Kilise’nin koruyucu meleği, Chonae (Honaz), Germia (Yörme), Monte Gargano, Mont Saint-Michel, Archangel Saint Michael, Patron saint of the Church