Yayın: Üçlü Negatif Meme Kanserinde (ÜNMK) magnezyumun tümör-ilişkili miyeloid hücrelere etkisi
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Üçlü negatif meme kanseri (ÜNMK), hormonal ve HER2 reseptörlerinin ekspresyonunun bulunmadığı, invaziv ve tedaviye dirençli bir alt tiptir. Bu tümörlerde mikroçevre, genellikle artmış PD-L1 ekspresyonu ve CD8⁺ T hücre infiltrasyonu ile karakterize immün baskılayıcı bir yapıya sahiptir. Myeloid kaynaklı baskılayıcı hücreler (MDSC), bu ortamda T hücre yanıtlarını baskılayarak tümör progresyonunu destekler. MDSC’lerin immün regülasyondaki kritik rolleri, bu hücreleri hedefleyen tedavileri önemli hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, MgCl₂ formundaki magnezyumun MDSC’ler ve lenfositler üzerindeki etkileri in vitro, ex vivo ve in vivo düzeylerde incelenmiştir. BV-2, N9 ve Raw 264.7 miyeloid hücre hatlarında MgCl₂’nin seçici sitotoksik etkisi gösterilmiş; MgCl₂ varlığında 4T1 meme kanseri hücrelerinin proliferasyonunun azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ex vivo kültürlerde splenosit canlılığı ve proliferasyonu artmıştır. Sağlıklı farelerde düşük (30 mg/kg) ve yüksek (60 mg/kg) doz uygulamaları, miyelopoezi artırmış ve CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T hücre oranlarını etkilemiştir. 4T1 tümör modelinde yüksek doz ve tümör sonrası MgCl₂ uygulamaları sağ kalımı anlamlı şekilde artırmıştır. Bu gruptan izole edilen MDSC alt grupları, T hücrelerini baskılamak yerine proliferasyonlarını desteklemiştir. Sonuçlar, MgCl₂’nin MDSC fonksiyonlarını yeniden programlayarak anti-tümöral bağışıklığı güçlendirebileceğini göstermektedir.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive and treatment-resistant subtype characterized by the absence of hormonal and HER2 receptor expression. Its tumor microenvironment (TME) often exhibits an immunosuppressive structure with increased PD-L1 expression and CD8⁺ T cell infiltration. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to this suppressive milieu by inhibiting T cell responses, thereby promoting tumor progression. Given their pivotal role in immune regulation, targeting MDSCs is considered a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. This study investigates the selective effects of magnesium in the form of MgCl₂ on MDSCs and lymphocytes at in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo levels. MgCl₂ showed selective cytotoxicity in myeloid cell lines (BV-2, N9, Raw 264.7), and its presence reduced the proliferation and survival of 4T1 breast cancer cells in co-culture. Ex vivo cultures revealed enhanced splenocyte viability and proliferation. In healthy mice, low (30 mg/kg) and high (60 mg/kg) doses of MgCl₂ induced myelopoiesis, increased neutrophil precursors, and modulated CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell distributions. In vivo experiments using the 4T1 tumor model demonstrated that high-dose, post-tumoral MgCl₂ administration significantly improved survival. M-MDSC and G-MDSC subsets isolated from these animals supported, rather than suppressed, T cell proliferation. These findings indicate that MgCl₂ not only inhibits tumor growth but also reprograms MDSC phenotype and function to promote anti-tumor immune responses. Overall, the study suggests that magnesium modulates MDSC function in a dose- and timing-dependent manner, potentially opening new avenues for immunotherapy in TNBC.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive and treatment-resistant subtype characterized by the absence of hormonal and HER2 receptor expression. Its tumor microenvironment (TME) often exhibits an immunosuppressive structure with increased PD-L1 expression and CD8⁺ T cell infiltration. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to this suppressive milieu by inhibiting T cell responses, thereby promoting tumor progression. Given their pivotal role in immune regulation, targeting MDSCs is considered a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. This study investigates the selective effects of magnesium in the form of MgCl₂ on MDSCs and lymphocytes at in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo levels. MgCl₂ showed selective cytotoxicity in myeloid cell lines (BV-2, N9, Raw 264.7), and its presence reduced the proliferation and survival of 4T1 breast cancer cells in co-culture. Ex vivo cultures revealed enhanced splenocyte viability and proliferation. In healthy mice, low (30 mg/kg) and high (60 mg/kg) doses of MgCl₂ induced myelopoiesis, increased neutrophil precursors, and modulated CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell distributions. In vivo experiments using the 4T1 tumor model demonstrated that high-dose, post-tumoral MgCl₂ administration significantly improved survival. M-MDSC and G-MDSC subsets isolated from these animals supported, rather than suppressed, T cell proliferation. These findings indicate that MgCl₂ not only inhibits tumor growth but also reprograms MDSC phenotype and function to promote anti-tumor immune responses. Overall, the study suggests that magnesium modulates MDSC function in a dose- and timing-dependent manner, potentially opening new avenues for immunotherapy in TNBC.
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Üçlü Negatif Meme Kanseri, Magnezyum klorür, Miyeloid kökenli baskılayıcı hücreler, T hücreler, Baskılama kapasitesi, Proliferasyon, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Magnesium chloride, Myeloid-derived suppressor cells, T cells, Suppressive capacity, Proliferation
