Uridine treatment protects against blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model of li-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus

Abstract

Introduction Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is one of the most striking changes triggered by status epilepticus, which deserves specific attention in terms of novel treatment approaches targeting epileptogenesis. Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside with neuroprotective, antiepileptic and antiepileptogenic effects; however, its mechanism of action is not fully characterized. In this study, we aimed to investigate the short-term outcomes of uridine treatment on status epilepticus-induced-BBB dysfunction in an animal model.Methods Status epilepticus was induced by lithium and pilocarpine administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats which were post-treated with intraperitoneal injection of saline or uridine (500 mg/kg b.w.; twice a day) for 2 days. Blood-brain barrier structural integrity was assessed by measuring expressions of endothelial tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel and its anchoring protein alpha 1-syntrophin in hippocampal tissue 48 h after SE. Additionally, BBB permeability was determined by measuring brain edema and serum S100B levels.Results The data showed that uridine significantly prevented the reduction in ZO-1 and alpha 1-syntrophin protein levels and attenuated serum S100B levels, indicating protective effects on BBB integrity and AQP4 polarization. In contrast, uridine enhanced brain water content in SE-induced rats, a finding that might be a result of maintained AQP4 polarization and enhanced cytotoxic edema.Discussion Together, our results showed for the first time that post-seizure treatment with uridine provides protection against BBB disruption in an experimental SE model; nevertheless, the long-term effects of this treatment warrant further investigation.