Impersonal verbs in Arabic language -the Quranic examples-

Abstract

Verbs, which are one of the cornerstones of the Arabic sentences, usually signify a certain time and are used together with their subjects. The subject can be hidden in the verb, or it can be as a pronoun adjacent to the verb. It can be also included in the sentence as an apparent noun or "masdar muawwal" after the verb. When we look at the subjects, which also have an important place in Arabic syntax in terms of meaning, they are persons' names or the pronouns used mostly instead of persons. Sometimes it appears as an abstract noun, inanimate object, plant and animal name, and natural events and meteorological situations. However, there are some verbs whose agents can never be a person, and only the third person pronoun "- " is used as a personal pronoun with such verbs. This pronoun also does not refer to the person. Because in these verbs, the subject becomes an abstract noun, an infinitive form of a verb or a concept that describes plants, animals and inanimate beings. When we look at the works of both previous and modern linguists, no such classification has been made about the perpetrator. Today, 'Ala Isma'il al-Hamzavi, who works in the field of linguistics, made a study on this subject and termed the impersonal verbs in the Arabic language with the name ( ). While the subjects of some of these verbs can never be persons, some of them can only be persons when they are used in a figurative sense. For example, the subjects of the following verbs cannot be persons: "to be neccessary" (- ), ( - ), "to be worth" ( - ), "to be possible" ( - ), "to ocur, happen" ( - ), "to become clear" ( - ), , "to be easy" ( - ), "to be difficult" ( -), "to contain" ( -), "to be broad" ( -), "to be completed " ( - ), "to be impossible" ( - ), "to disappear" ( - ) and "to be wasted" ( - ), or sunrise ( - ), sunset (- ), the darkening of the night (- ), to eclipse of the sun and moon (- ), ( - ), blowing of the wind ( - ) or "to bark" ( -), "to meow" ( - ). Therefore, they cannot be inflected with pronouns other than () and (), which are third-person pronouns. In addition, the subjects of the verbs that express praising () and dispraising () can never be individuals. Because these verbs consist of the past verb () and the ism -i iara "demonstative pronoun" (). Its subjects are always the ism -i iara () adjacent to it. Apart from all these, the subjects of verbs such as (- - - - - ) that combine with () kaffe at the end, cannot be individuals either. In this article, first of all, the verb and the subject in Arabic will be briefly mentioned; Afterwards, noun or entity name will be noted and will also be examined in terms of their usage in sentences. Later, in the Qur'an, which is the holy book of Muslims and the primary reference of Arabic philology, the verbs whose subject can not be a person will be discussed one by one. The explanations will be made about the subjects of the verbs, and eventually, plenty of quotations will be made from the verses exemplifying the subject. In the same way, the verbs whose subject is not a person in the Qur'an and whose subject is likely to be a person in some uses other than the Qur'an will be pointed out concerning to the relevant verses and finally it will be explained what the subjects of these verbs are.