Green energy's sweet surprise: Unraveling the hidden links between wind farms and honey production

Abstract

As global energy demand grows, wind power has emerged as a key component of green energy innovation. However, concerns have been raised about its potential ecological impacts, particularly on pollinators such as bees. Unlike previous studies, which have mainly focused on wind farms and bee behavior, this study uses data from six provinces in the Aegean region of Turkiye to examine, for the first time, the relationship between wind farms and agricultural productivity, specifically honey production. By combining different explanatory variables and evaluating the potential positive or negative effects of wind farm proximity on beekeeping, this study uses a Gaussian treatment effects model to assess how site selection affects honey production. The analysis is further supported by additional t-tests (mean differences) comparing actual honey yields from areas near wind farms with hypothetical yields from non-wind farm areas. The results show that, even after controlling for various reliability tests and site-specific variables, beekeepers near wind farms consistently produce significantly more honey than those in non-wind farm areas. These higher honey yields in areas adjacent to wind farms highlight the potential for renewable energy initiatives to coexist harmoniously with farming communities. Rather than seeing these two industries as competitors, this synergy invites exploration of potential partnerships that can enhance both economic and environmental benefits. Promoting bee-friendly flora in wind farm projects is a tangible way to enhance the environmental and economic benefits of industries such as beekeeping.