Performance investigation and system design of grid-integrated vehicular pem fuel cell to protect against voltage sags/swells with series voltage injection circuit

Abstract

This study explores the integration of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) to a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) supported vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system for voltage support. In the designed system, a series voltage injection circuit supplied by the Li-ion batteries of BEV is utilized for voltage support to protect vehicular fuel cells and interface components by injecting controlled voltage during voltage sag/swell problems at the grid side. The designed vehicular fuel cell supported V2G system with a series voltage injection circuit supplied by BEV provides more effective results to compensate deeper sag/swell problems by using voltage injection to eliminate the disadvantage of current injection in conventional systems. For this purpose, in the current study, an FCV with a rating of 95 kW is connected to the grid, and a detailed analysis is performed for the series voltage injection circuit connected to the V2G system supported by an additional BEV in the rating of 52 kWh. In the operating system, the actual power ratings of the vehicular PEM fuel cell and the battery in electric vehicles are designed and analyzed according to the parameters for Nexa and Zoe, respectively. In the proposed system, compared to the conventional system, performance analysis reveals that the system maintains stability on the FCV-side responding swiftly and smoothly to voltage sags of up to 50 % and swells of up to 22 %. It is also noted that the proposed system delivers approximately 91 kW of electrical power to the grid, and is not affected by the fault conditions occurring in the grid.