Yayın: Bursa surları
Dosyalar
Tarih
Kurum Yazarları
Yazarlar
Deniz, Egemen
Danışman
İnanan, Filiz
Dil
Türü
Yayıncı:
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Özet
Bu çalışma, MÖ 2. yüzyıl civarında inşa edildiği düşünülen Bursa Surları’nın, yapım, tasarım ve onarımlarına odaklanmaktadır. Uludağ’ın kuzey yamaçlarında ve kayalık bir teras üzerinde yer alan surların plan ve tasarımında, topografik özellikler belirleyici olmuştur. Doğu ve batı yönlerindeki eğimlere uyum sağlamak amacıyla kuleler ve duvarlar araziye göre tasarlanmıştır. Zamanla işlevini yitiren veya yıkılan diğer yapılardan elde edilen yapı malzemeleri, surların onarımlarında yeniden kullanılmıştır. Bugünkü sınırına MS 6. yüzyıldan sonra ulaşan surlar, çoğu Ortaçağ’da olmak üzere çok sayıda onarım görerek günümüzdeki formuna sahip olmuştur. Hemen her dönem gerçekleşen inşa ve onarımlar sonucu karma bir duvar işçiliği mevcuttur. Konstantinopolis, Nicea, Amroium, Nicomedia gibi büyük kentlere ek olarak Ritzion, Kite, Atranos gibi küçük ölçekli yerleşimlerin savunma yapılarında karşılaşılan yapım teknikleriyle de benzerlik göstermektedir. Osmanlı’nın kent üzerindeki hakimiyeti sonrası zamanla savunma işlevini kaybeden surlar günümüzde konut duvarı, istinat duvarı gibi amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır.
This study focuses on the construction, planning, design, and restorations of the Walls of Bursa, which are believed to have been built around the 2nd century BC. Located on the northern slopes of Mount Uludağ and on a rocky terrace, the topographical features played a key role in shaping the layout and design of the walls. Towers and walls were designed according to the terrain, especially to adapt to the slopes in the east and west. Spolia from structures that had lost their function or had collapsed over time were reused in the repair works of the walls. The walls reached their current boundaries after the 6th century AD and have been restored may times, mostly during the Middle Ages. As a result of continuous construction and repairs in different periods, a mixed masonry style developed. The Fortification of Bursa shows similarities in construction techniques with both large cities such as Constantinople, Nicaea, Amorium, and Nicomedia, and smaller settlements like Ritzion, Kite, and Atranos. Following the incorporation of the city into the Ottoman Empire, the fortification gradually lost their defensive function. Today, some parts are used as house or retaining walls.
This study focuses on the construction, planning, design, and restorations of the Walls of Bursa, which are believed to have been built around the 2nd century BC. Located on the northern slopes of Mount Uludağ and on a rocky terrace, the topographical features played a key role in shaping the layout and design of the walls. Towers and walls were designed according to the terrain, especially to adapt to the slopes in the east and west. Spolia from structures that had lost their function or had collapsed over time were reused in the repair works of the walls. The walls reached their current boundaries after the 6th century AD and have been restored may times, mostly during the Middle Ages. As a result of continuous construction and repairs in different periods, a mixed masonry style developed. The Fortification of Bursa shows similarities in construction techniques with both large cities such as Constantinople, Nicaea, Amorium, and Nicomedia, and smaller settlements like Ritzion, Kite, and Atranos. Following the incorporation of the city into the Ottoman Empire, the fortification gradually lost their defensive function. Today, some parts are used as house or retaining walls.
Açıklama
Kaynak:
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Konusu
Bursa, Prusa, Bizans, Savunma mimarlığı, Sur, Duvar örgüleri, Byzantium, Defensive architecture, City wall, Masonry
