Publication: Saul Kripke'nin bilimsel özcülüğüne "Kantçı" bir eleştiri denemesi
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Çebi, Cengiz
Advisor
Ürek, Ogün
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Bu çalışmada Kripke'nin bilimsel özcülük görüşü kısmen deneyci, ancak daha çok Kantçı bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmış ve bu görüşün eleştirilmesi denenmiştir. Kripkeci bilimsel özcülük dil felsefesinde ilk örneği Mill'de görülmüş olan doğrudan gönderim görüşünün kipsel mantık bağlamında dünyalar arası ve katı bir gösterim şeklinde yeniden savunulmasına dayanır. Bu çalışmada Aristoteles'in form özcülüğünden ulaşılma yolu bakımından farklı, ancak ulaşılan/savunulan sonuç bakımından benzer olan Kripkeci özcülüğün konu insan kişileri olduğunda başarılı sayılabilecek iken, konu kişi olmayan tekiller ve doğal türler olduğunda sorunlu olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Kant'ın zorunluluk taşıyan tüm önermelerin a priori olduğu savına karşın Kripke'nin a posteriori önermelerin de zorunluluk ifade edebildikleri ve böylelikle empirik bilimlerin bu şekilde doğal türlerin özlerini keşf etmekte olduğu savının doğru olamayacağı savunulmuştur. Bu eleştiri denemesinin dayanak noktalarını Kant'ın nesne, nedensellik, deney, temsil ve görünüş kavramlarına transandental idealizm çerçevesinde kazandırdığı özgün anlamlar ve mümkün dünyalar semantiğinin bu anlamlara göre yorumlanması oluşturmaktadır.
In this thesis, though Kripke's view of the scientific essentialism is partially dealt from an empiricistic point of view, it is dealt with from Kantian perspective in general and is subject to criticism. Kripkeian scientific essentialism is based on re-advocating the theory of direct reference in the philosophy of language, which was first seen in Mill, in the context of modal logic, as a theory of transworld and rigid designation. In this work it has been argued that while Kripkean essentialism, which is different from Aristotle's form essentialism in terms of the outreach, but similar in terms of the outcome it reaches/defends, can be considered successful when the subject is human beings, however, it is problematic when the subjects are impersonal singulars and natural kinds. It has been argued that in contrast to Kant's claim that all necessary propositions are a priori, Kripke's claim that a posteriori propositions can also express necessity and thus the empirical sciences discover the essences of natural kinds in this way cannot be true. The mainstays of this attempt of a critique are the original meanings Kant brought to the concepts of object, causality, experience, representation and appearance within the scope of the transcendental idealism and the interpretation of possible worlds semantics according to these meanings.
In this thesis, though Kripke's view of the scientific essentialism is partially dealt from an empiricistic point of view, it is dealt with from Kantian perspective in general and is subject to criticism. Kripkeian scientific essentialism is based on re-advocating the theory of direct reference in the philosophy of language, which was first seen in Mill, in the context of modal logic, as a theory of transworld and rigid designation. In this work it has been argued that while Kripkean essentialism, which is different from Aristotle's form essentialism in terms of the outreach, but similar in terms of the outcome it reaches/defends, can be considered successful when the subject is human beings, however, it is problematic when the subjects are impersonal singulars and natural kinds. It has been argued that in contrast to Kant's claim that all necessary propositions are a priori, Kripke's claim that a posteriori propositions can also express necessity and thus the empirical sciences discover the essences of natural kinds in this way cannot be true. The mainstays of this attempt of a critique are the original meanings Kant brought to the concepts of object, causality, experience, representation and appearance within the scope of the transcendental idealism and the interpretation of possible worlds semantics according to these meanings.
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Keywords
Gönderim, Adlandırma, Zorunluluk, Katı gösterim, Görünüş, Kendinde şey, Transandental nesne, Reference, Naming, Necessity, Rigid designation, Appearance, Thing in itself, Transcendental object
Citation
Çebi, C. (2022). Saul Kripke'nin bilimsel özcülüğüne "Kantçı" bir eleştiri denemesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.