Publication: Ganoderma lucidum ekstraktından mikosentez yoluyla metal oksit nanopartikül sentezi ve bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi
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Authors
Tümer, Meltem
Advisor
Sarıkaya, Aslı Göçenoğlu
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Medikal, gıda, tekstil ve arıtım gibi birçok alanda kullanım potansiyeline sahip metal oksit nanopartiküllerin sentezinde kimyasal, fiziksel ve biyolojik yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Bitki ve mikroorganizmaların kullanıldığı biyolojik yöntemlere aynı zamanda yeşil sentez de denilmektedir. Mikosentez ise mantarların kullanıldığı biyolojik sentez yöntemidir. Bu tez kapsamında Ganoderma lucidum mantar ekstraktından çinko oksit (ZnO NP) ve bakır oksit (CuO NP) nanopartiküllerin mikosentezi gerçekleştirilmiş, karakterize edilmiş ve bazı biyolojik aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Sentez aşamasında indirgeyici ajan olarak tıbbi öneme sahip G. lucidum pelletlerinin sulu ekstraktları kullanılmış, 25 ⁰C’de ZnO NP ve CuO NP’ler mikosentezlenmiş, UV-görünür bölge (UV-GB) spektrofotometresi, Fourier dönüşümlü kızıl ötesi spektrometresi (FTIR), taramalı elektron mikroskopu (SEM), X-ışını spektrometresi (EDS), transmisyon elektron mikroskopu (TEM) ve X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) yöntemleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre mikosentezlenen ZnO NP’lerin küresel, CuO NP’lerin ise düzenli çokyüzlü şekillerde olduğu, sırasıyla 303 nm ve 275 nm’de yüzey plazmon rezonans (SPR) bantları verdiği gözlenmiştir. ZnO NP’lerin 1-2 nm, CuO NP’lerin ise yaklaşık 20-40 nm aralığında partikül boyut dağılımına sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Mikosentezlenen ZnO ve CuO NP’lerin bazı biyolojik aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri, antioksidan aktiviteleri ve antidiyabetik etkinlikleri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre mikosentezlenen ZnO ve CuO NP’lerin 100 μg/mL derişimde % inhibisyon değerleri sırasıyla % 81,46±1,12 ve % 84,23±0,69 olarak bulunmuştur. ZnO ve CuO NP’lerin Escherichia coli ve Staphylococcus aureus’a karşı antibakteriyel, Candida albicans’a karşı antifungal etkinlik gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Son olarak sentezlenen NP’lerin antidiyabetik aktiviteleri in vitro koşullarda incelenmiş, 100 μg/mL derişimdeki ZnO NP’lerin α-amilaz ve α-glukozidazı sırasıyla % 69,02±0,49 ve % 63,84±0,99 oranında inhibe ettiği, 100 μg/mL derişimdeki CuO NP’lerin ise % 72,84±0,32 ve % 76,01±0,05’e kadar inhibe ettiği bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, mikosentezi gerçekleştirilen ZnO ve CuO NP’lerin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve antihiperglisemik etkisinin olduğu, sağlık, farmasötik ve biyomedikal alanlarda kullanım potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Chemical, physical and biological methods are used in the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, which have the potential to be used in many fields such as medical, food, textile and treatment. Biological methods using plants and microorganisms are also called green synthesis. Mycosynthesis is a biological synthesis method using fungi. In this thesis, myosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO NP) and copper oxide (CuO NP) nanoparticles from Ganoderma lucidum mushroom extract was carried out, characterised and some biological activities were investigated. Aqueous extracts of medically important G. lucidum pellets were used as reducing agent in the synthesis process, ZnO NPs and CuO NPs were mycosynthesised at 25 ⁰C and characterised by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray spectrometry (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the results, it was observed that the mycosynthesised ZnO NPs were spherical, CuO NPs were regular polyhedral shapes and gave surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands at 303 nm and 275 nm, respectively. ZnO NPs and CuO NPs were observed to have a particle size distribution in the range of 1-2 nm and 20-40 nm, respectively. In order to evaluate some biological activities of the mycosynthesised ZnO and CuO NPs, antimicrobial activities, antioxidant activities and antidiabetic activities were investigated. According to the results, the % inhibition values of mycosynthesised ZnO and CuO NPs at 100 μg/mL concentration were 81.46±1.12% and 84.23±0.69%, respectively. ZnO and CuO NPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Finally, the antidiabetic activities of the synthesised NPs were investigated under in vitro conditions and it was found that ZnO NPs at a concentration of 100 μg/mL inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase by 69.02±0.49% and 63.84±0.99%, respectively, while CuO NPs at a concentration of 100 μg/mL inhibited them by 72.84±0.32% and 76.01±0.05%, respectively. According to the results, it is thought that the myosynthesised ZnO and CuO NPs have antioxidant, antimicrobial and antihyperglycaemic effects and have the potential to be used in health, pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
Chemical, physical and biological methods are used in the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, which have the potential to be used in many fields such as medical, food, textile and treatment. Biological methods using plants and microorganisms are also called green synthesis. Mycosynthesis is a biological synthesis method using fungi. In this thesis, myosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO NP) and copper oxide (CuO NP) nanoparticles from Ganoderma lucidum mushroom extract was carried out, characterised and some biological activities were investigated. Aqueous extracts of medically important G. lucidum pellets were used as reducing agent in the synthesis process, ZnO NPs and CuO NPs were mycosynthesised at 25 ⁰C and characterised by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray spectrometry (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the results, it was observed that the mycosynthesised ZnO NPs were spherical, CuO NPs were regular polyhedral shapes and gave surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands at 303 nm and 275 nm, respectively. ZnO NPs and CuO NPs were observed to have a particle size distribution in the range of 1-2 nm and 20-40 nm, respectively. In order to evaluate some biological activities of the mycosynthesised ZnO and CuO NPs, antimicrobial activities, antioxidant activities and antidiabetic activities were investigated. According to the results, the % inhibition values of mycosynthesised ZnO and CuO NPs at 100 μg/mL concentration were 81.46±1.12% and 84.23±0.69%, respectively. ZnO and CuO NPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Finally, the antidiabetic activities of the synthesised NPs were investigated under in vitro conditions and it was found that ZnO NPs at a concentration of 100 μg/mL inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase by 69.02±0.49% and 63.84±0.99%, respectively, while CuO NPs at a concentration of 100 μg/mL inhibited them by 72.84±0.32% and 76.01±0.05%, respectively. According to the results, it is thought that the myosynthesised ZnO and CuO NPs have antioxidant, antimicrobial and antihyperglycaemic effects and have the potential to be used in health, pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Keywords
Ganoderma lucidum, Metal oksit nanopartikül, Mikosentez, Antioksidan, Antimikrobiyal, Antidiyabetik, Metal oxide nanoparticle, Mycosynthesis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic