Publication: Hamilton Alexander Roskeen Gibb’in İslâm tarihine yaklaşımı
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Keskinoğlu, Güzin
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Apak, Adem
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Oryantalizm, tam olarak başlangıç noktası belirlenememekle birlikte 14.yüzyıldan beri var olan bir çalışma alanıdır. Yüzyıllardır Batılıların Doğu hakkındaki merakı ve tahayyülünün neticesinde Doğu’nun kültürü, siyaseti, toplumu, tarihi, ekonomisi de dahi her şeyiyle ilgilenmek üzerine kurulmuş olan bu alan, doğrusuyla yanlışıyla Doğu’yu her yönüyle incelemiş ve yeni bakış açıları kazanılmasına vesile olmuştur. Oryantalistlerin neredeyse hepsini emperyalist, ırkçı, İslâm düşmanı ve etnosantrik olarak değerlendiren görüşün aksine bir örnek ise oryantalist H.A.R. Gibb’dir. İskoç kökenli olmakla birlikte İngiltere ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin önde gelen üniversitelerinde görev aldığı için Anglo-Amerikan oryantalizminin öncülerinden olmuştur. Kendisi genel itibarıyla objektif bilimsel çalışmaları ve manevîyata yatkın yumuşak ve empatik üslubu ile diğer oryantalistlerden farkını ortaya koymaktadır. Arap diline hâkim bir edebiyatçı aynı zamanda İslam tarihçisi olma özelliğiyle öne çıkan Gibb, dikkate değer eserleriyle İslâm dünyasına katkı sunmuştur. Ancak ülkemizde kendisi hakkında yapılan çalışmalar çok sınırlı olduğu için tanınırlığı çok azdır. Bu tezde onun yazdığı eserler incelenmiş ve kendine özgü olan İslam tarihine yaklaşımı değerlendirilmiştir.
Orientalism is a field of study that has existed since the 14th century, although its exactst arting point cannot be determined. As a result of the curiosity and imagination of Westerners about the East for centuries, this field, which has been established to deal with everything, including the culture, politics, society, history, economy of the East, has examined the East in every aspect, rightly or wrongly, and has been instrumental in gaining new perspectives. An example that contradicts the view that almost all Orientalists are imperialists, racists, Islamophobes and ethnocentrists is the Orientalist H.A.R. Gibb. As a Scottish native, he was one of the pioneers of Anglo-American Orientalism, having worked in leading universities in England and the United States. In general, he distinguishes himself from other orientalists with his objective scientific studies and his soft and empathetic style that is prone to spirituality. Gibb, who stands out as a literary scholar of the Arabic language as well as a historian of Islam, has contributed to the Islamic world with his remarkable works. However, since the studies on him are very limited in our country, he is little known. In this thesis, his works are analysed and his unique approach to Islamic history is evaluated.
Orientalism is a field of study that has existed since the 14th century, although its exactst arting point cannot be determined. As a result of the curiosity and imagination of Westerners about the East for centuries, this field, which has been established to deal with everything, including the culture, politics, society, history, economy of the East, has examined the East in every aspect, rightly or wrongly, and has been instrumental in gaining new perspectives. An example that contradicts the view that almost all Orientalists are imperialists, racists, Islamophobes and ethnocentrists is the Orientalist H.A.R. Gibb. As a Scottish native, he was one of the pioneers of Anglo-American Orientalism, having worked in leading universities in England and the United States. In general, he distinguishes himself from other orientalists with his objective scientific studies and his soft and empathetic style that is prone to spirituality. Gibb, who stands out as a literary scholar of the Arabic language as well as a historian of Islam, has contributed to the Islamic world with his remarkable works. However, since the studies on him are very limited in our country, he is little known. In this thesis, his works are analysed and his unique approach to Islamic history is evaluated.
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Keywords
Oryantalizm, Oryantalist, Hamilton Alexander Roskeen Gibb, Anglo-Amerikan oryantalizmi, Orientalism, Orientalist, Anglo-American orientalism