Yayın: Lösemili hastalarımızda invaziv mantar enfeksiyonlarının sıklığı ve prognozunun retrospektif olarak incelenmesi
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Bu retrospektif çalışma, 2016–2022 yılları arasında Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Hematoloji Kliniği’nde akut lösemi tanısı alan 211 pediatrik hastada invaziv fungal enfeksiyonların (İFE) sıklığını, klinik özelliklerini ve prognoz üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektedir. Hastalar; yeni tanı ALL (n=155), relaps ALL (n=26), yeni tanı AML (n=24) ve relaps AML (n=6) olmak üzere dört gruba ayrılmış ve toplam 1125 febril nötropeni atağı incelenmiştir. Bu atakların %8,4’ünde (n=95) İFE saptanmış olup, en yüksek oran relaps AML grubunda görülmüştür (%83,3). İFE gelişimi ile yaş ve cinsiyet arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır. Enfeksiyonlar sıklıkla kış mevsiminde ve ALL indüksiyon fazında ortaya çıkmıştır. EORTC/MSG kriterlerine göre olguların %72,6’sı olası, %22,1’i kanıtlanmış ve %5,3’ü yüksek olasılıklı İFE olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ateş tüm olgularda görülürken, en yaygın semptomlar solunum sistemi bulguları ve oral mukozit olmuştur. Görüntülemede en sık buzlu cam opasiteleri ve nodüler infiltrasyonlar izlenmiştir. En sık izole edilen etken invaziv aspergillozis olup (%72,6), tedavide en yaygın tercih edilen yaklaşım kombine antifungal tedavidir (%50,5). Genel mortalite oranı %16,6 olup, İFE geçiren hastalarda %29,8’e yükselmiştir. Nötropeni süresi ile mortalite arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuş (p=0,010), her 1 günlük artış ölüm riskini %3,1 artırmıştır. İFE, 5 yıllık sağkalımı (%66,4) ve olaysız sağkalımı (%60,5) anlamlı şekilde düşürmektedir.
This retrospective study evaluates the incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic impact of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in 211 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukemia at the Pediatric Hematology Department of Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine between 2016 and 2022. Patients were categorized into four groups: newly diagnosed ALL (n=155), relapsed ALL (n=26), newly diagnosed AML (n=24), and relapsed AML (n=6). A total of 1125 febrile neutropenia episodes were reviewed, and IFIs were identified in 8.4% (n=95) of episodes, with the highest rate observed in the relapsed AML group (83.3%). No statistically significant association was found between IFI development and age or gender. Infections most frequently occurred during the winter season and the induction phase of ALL. According to EORTC/MSG criteria, 72.6% of cases were classified as possible, 22.1% as proven, and 5.3% as probable IFI. Fever was present in all cases, with the most common accompanying symptoms being respiratory findings and oral mucositis. Radiological imaging most frequently showed ground-glass opacities and nodular infiltrations. The most commonly identified pathogen was invasive aspergillosis (72.6%), and the most frequently preferred treatment approach was combination antifungal therapy (50.5%). The overall mortality rate was 16.6%, rising to 29.8% in patients with IFI. A significant association was found between neutropenia duration and mortality (p=0.010); each additional day of neutropenia increased the risk of death by 3.1%. IFIs were found to significantly reduce both 5-year overall survival (66.4%) and event-free survival (60.5%).
This retrospective study evaluates the incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic impact of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in 211 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukemia at the Pediatric Hematology Department of Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine between 2016 and 2022. Patients were categorized into four groups: newly diagnosed ALL (n=155), relapsed ALL (n=26), newly diagnosed AML (n=24), and relapsed AML (n=6). A total of 1125 febrile neutropenia episodes were reviewed, and IFIs were identified in 8.4% (n=95) of episodes, with the highest rate observed in the relapsed AML group (83.3%). No statistically significant association was found between IFI development and age or gender. Infections most frequently occurred during the winter season and the induction phase of ALL. According to EORTC/MSG criteria, 72.6% of cases were classified as possible, 22.1% as proven, and 5.3% as probable IFI. Fever was present in all cases, with the most common accompanying symptoms being respiratory findings and oral mucositis. Radiological imaging most frequently showed ground-glass opacities and nodular infiltrations. The most commonly identified pathogen was invasive aspergillosis (72.6%), and the most frequently preferred treatment approach was combination antifungal therapy (50.5%). The overall mortality rate was 16.6%, rising to 29.8% in patients with IFI. A significant association was found between neutropenia duration and mortality (p=0.010); each additional day of neutropenia increased the risk of death by 3.1%. IFIs were found to significantly reduce both 5-year overall survival (66.4%) and event-free survival (60.5%).
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İnvaziv fungal enfeksiyon, Akut lösemi, Febril nötropeni, Invasive fungal infection, Acute leukemia, Febrile neutropeni
