Development and analysis of an antimicrobial pmma denture base infused with a range of silk fibroin, cannabinoids, and hemp fiber

Abstract

An innovative approach to enhance the usability of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) might include incorporating silk fibroin (SF), hemp fiber (HF), and cannabinoids. This study aims to evaluate how the addition of cannabinoids, SF, and HF affects the antimicrobial properties of PMMA. Cannabinoid fractions were obtained using supercritical CO2 extraction, molecular distillation, and flash chromatography. Silk cocoons were cleaned, sericin removed, and washed with deionized water. Fibroin fiber underwent dissolution through the Ajisawa method, followed by dialysis in a urea solution before being lyophilized. Hemp fibers were dried, separated, and prepared in pure form. Determining the structural and physical properties of a novel PMMA is crucial for understanding its potential applications. Therefore, XRD and FT-IR analyses characterized cannabinoid-infused PMMA products synthesized with SF and HF. The biological characteristics of the newly improved PMMA products were evaluated through MTT, LDH, and SEM analyses, which are essential for assessing biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and surface morphology, thereby providing comprehensive insight into their suitability for biomedical applications. HF and SF displayed mild antimicrobial qualities that reinforced the effectiveness of PMMA denture bases. Moreover, incorporating cannabinoid fractions into PMMA significantly enhances its antimicrobial properties, inhibiting oral pathogen growth. Additionally, hemp fiber, silk fibroin, and cannabinoid fractions are compatible with the denture base material, preserving its biological properties. This approach presents a cost-effective strategy for improving PMMA's antimicrobial properties, with potential applications in enhancing oral health.