Publication: Bursa UÜTF İç Hastalıkları Ana Bilim Dalı Nefroloji Bilim Dalı 2013-2023 yılları arasındaki periton diyalizi hastalarının sıvı, elektrolit bozuklukları ve metabolik komplikasyonlar açısından retrospektif incelenmesi
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Authors
Ayaydın, Kübra Özerik
Advisor
Yavuz, Mahmut
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Kronik böbrek hastalığı giderek artan global bir sorun olarak kabul edilmekte ve hastalık son dönem böbrek yetmezliğine ilerlediğinde renal replasman tedavisi (RRT) gerekmektedir. Periton diyalizi (PD) de RRT seçeneklerinden biri olup olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri ile araştırma konusu olmaya devam etmektedir. Çalışmamızda Kasım 2013-Kasım 2023 tarihleri arasında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Nefroloji Bilim Dalı PD Polikliniği'nde takip edilmiş 87 hastanın sıvı, elektrolit ve metabolik komplikasyonlar açısından incelenmesi amaçlandı. Hastalara ait demografik ve klinik bilgiler ile laboratuvar sonuçları hasta kayıt dosyalarından retrospektif olarak elde edildi. Hastaların %50,6'sı kadın %49,4'ü erkekti ve PD’ye başlangıç yaş ortalaması 53,36±15,4 yıl idi. En yaygın etiyolojik nedenler hipertansiyon ve diyabetes mellitustu. Sürekli Ayaktan Periton Diyalizi (SAPD), en sık kullanılan PD modalitesiydi. Hiponatremi (%51,7), hiperkalemi (%40,2) ve hipokalemi (%36,7) en yaygın elektrolit bozukluklarıydı. Hipoalbüminemi, peritonit riskini artırdı (p<0,001). Hastaların PD’de kalma süresi ortalama 27,79 aydı. Güncel durumda hastaların %19,5'i hemodiyalize geçmiş, %35,6'sı PD'ye devam etmekte, %9,2'si böbrek nakli olmuş ve %35,6'sı vefat etmişti. Başlıca ölüm nedenleri sepsis, serebrovasküler ve kardiyovasküler olaylardı. Erkeklerde mortalite oranı %46,5, kadınlarda %25’ti (p=0,036). Diyabetik hastaların mortalite oranı non-diyabetiklerden daha yüksekti (%51,7 & %27,6, p=0,027). Hastaların son sodyum değeri ile başlangıç, altıncı ay ve son albümin değerleri mortalite ile ilişkiliydi (sırasıyla p=0,023, p=0,047, p=0,031, p<0,001). Çalışmamız, PD hastalarının sıvı, elektrolit ve metabolik komplikasyonlar açısından düzenli değerlendirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Komplikasyonların erken tanınması ve yönetimi, yaşam kalitesini artırmak ve riskleri azaltmak için kritiktir. Retrospektif tasarım, hasta sayısının azlığı ve diyaliz solüsyonlarının tam detaylandırılamaması çalışmamızın kısıtlamalarıdır. Daha geniş prospektif çalışmalar, daha güvenilir sonuçlar sağlayacaktır.
Chronic kidney disease is increasingly recognized as a global issue, and when the disease progresses to end-stage renal failure, renal replacement therapy (RRT) is required. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the RRT options and continues to be a subject of research with its advantages and disadvantages. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic complications of 87 patients who were followed at the Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Nephrology Department PD Clinic between November 2013 and November 2023. Demographic and clinical data, along with laboratory results, were retrospectively obtained from patient records. 50.6% of the patients were female, while 49.4% were male, with a mean age of 53.36±15.4 years at the initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The most common etiological causes were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) was the most frequently used PD modality. Hyponatremia (51.7%), hyperkalemia (40.2%), and hypokalemia (36.7%) were the most prevalent electrolyte imbalances. Hypoalbuminemia increased the risk of peritonitis (p<0.001). The average duration of PD among the patients was 27.79 months. Currently, 19.5% of the patients had transitioned to hemodialysis, 35.6% continued on PD, 9.2% had undergone kidney transplantation, and 35.6% had died. The main causes of death were sepsis, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular events. The mortality rate was 46.5% in males and 25% in females (p=0.036). The mortality rate among diabetic patients was higher than that of non-diabetics (51.7% vs. 27.6%, p=0.027). The final sodium levels of patients, along with the initial, sixth month, and final albumin levels, were associated with mortality (p=0.023, p=0.047, p=0.031, p<0.001, respectively). Our study emphasizes the importance of regular assessment of fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic complications in PD patients. Early recognition and management of these complications are critical for improving quality of life and reducing risks. Limitations of our study include its retrospective design, small sample size, and the inability to fully detail the dialysis solutions used. Larger prospective studies will provide more reliable results.
Chronic kidney disease is increasingly recognized as a global issue, and when the disease progresses to end-stage renal failure, renal replacement therapy (RRT) is required. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the RRT options and continues to be a subject of research with its advantages and disadvantages. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic complications of 87 patients who were followed at the Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Nephrology Department PD Clinic between November 2013 and November 2023. Demographic and clinical data, along with laboratory results, were retrospectively obtained from patient records. 50.6% of the patients were female, while 49.4% were male, with a mean age of 53.36±15.4 years at the initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD). The most common etiological causes were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) was the most frequently used PD modality. Hyponatremia (51.7%), hyperkalemia (40.2%), and hypokalemia (36.7%) were the most prevalent electrolyte imbalances. Hypoalbuminemia increased the risk of peritonitis (p<0.001). The average duration of PD among the patients was 27.79 months. Currently, 19.5% of the patients had transitioned to hemodialysis, 35.6% continued on PD, 9.2% had undergone kidney transplantation, and 35.6% had died. The main causes of death were sepsis, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular events. The mortality rate was 46.5% in males and 25% in females (p=0.036). The mortality rate among diabetic patients was higher than that of non-diabetics (51.7% vs. 27.6%, p=0.027). The final sodium levels of patients, along with the initial, sixth month, and final albumin levels, were associated with mortality (p=0.023, p=0.047, p=0.031, p<0.001, respectively). Our study emphasizes the importance of regular assessment of fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic complications in PD patients. Early recognition and management of these complications are critical for improving quality of life and reducing risks. Limitations of our study include its retrospective design, small sample size, and the inability to fully detail the dialysis solutions used. Larger prospective studies will provide more reliable results.
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Keywords
Periton diyalizi, Elektrolit bozuklukları, Mortalite, Peritoneal dialysis, Electrolyte imbalances, Mortality