Seismic performance of Nilüfer Hatun Bridge pre- and post-restoration under near-fault and far-fault ground motions

Abstract

This study investigates the seismic performance of the Nil & uuml;fer Hatun Bridge, a historical structure in Bursa, T & uuml;rkiye, both before and after its restoration under near-fault and far-fault ground motions. Using finite element analysis (FEA), this study evaluates the bridge's dynamic characteristics, structural behavior, and damage mechanisms. Originally built during the Byzantine period with seven arches, the bridge was later reconstructed during the Ottoman period after sections were destroyed, restoring its original configuration. The modal analysis revealed significant changes in fundamental frequencies and mode shapes due to restoration, which affected the seismic response of the structure. Nonlinear dynamic analyses showed that near-fault ground motions induce larger base shear forces, greater displacements, and more concentrated damage at the piers and arches than far-fault motions, which generate resonance effects. In addition, the pre-restoration bridge exhibited higher cumulative hysteretic energy dissipation. This study offers valuable insights into the seismic resilience of historical masonry bridges, emphasizing the impact of restoration on seismic performance and providing critical information for the development of effective conservation and assessment strategies.