The potential of cacao pod husk for sustainable packaging: A comprehensive review and future prospects

Abstract

The cacao pod husk (shell), serves as the tough outer layer of the cacao pod, and this by-product of cacao processing is typically disposed of once the cacao beans have been removed. They contain a variety of compounds and can be repurposed to reduce waste and generate added value. This article offers an extensive and in-depth analysis of the possibility of utilizing cacao pod husk (CPH) as an environmentally friendly packaging material. It meticulously investigates the composition, properties, pre-treatment and extraction methods, and versatile uses of CPH. Particularly, this paper extensively examines the physical and barrier properties that are crucial for packaging, highlighting attributes like durability, pliability, and resistance to moisture, and focuses on how these properties can effectively maintain product freshness and enhance the suitability of CPH for different food items. In addition, the article provides a thorough examination of the various ways in which CPH can be utilized, such as in the creation of antimicrobial coatings, the production of paper that can naturally decompose, and its contribution to the advancement of composite materials, delving into the assessment of its environmental impact and presents optimistic prospects for the future of this eco-friendly packaging alternative. This comprehensive and enlightening review is poised to be an invaluable resource for researchers, professionals in the industry, and policymakers who are interested in harnessing the potential of CPH for sustainable packaging, which proposes a wealth of knowledge and practical insights for those seeking environmentally friendly packaging solutions.