The vegetation of the Uludag Mountains (Anatolia)

Abstract

The vegetation of the Uludag Mountain (NW-Anatolia) above the timberline is divided into three main types: Nardus stricta-meadows, Juniperus communis-dwarf shrub and hard Festuca communities. They are subject to the influence of pasture since long times. Related to the Nardus-meadows we find Trifolium repens- and Plantago-mats. The hard Festuca-communities pass into the alpine Acantholimon ulicinum-community dominated by cushion plants. Besides the ruderal Verbascum olympicum-community and some transitional and special vegetation types of less occurrence are described.