Publication: Türkiye’de 1923-1950 yılları arasında Erken Cumhuriyet dönemindeki ulusal kimlik arayışlarının Bursa’daki mimarlık ortamına yansımaları
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Sağlık, Hatice Ceren
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Durak, Selen
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Cumhuriyet’in ilk yılları, Lozan antlaşması ile sınırları net olarak belirlenmiş Türkiye coğrafyasındaki yerleşimlerin fiziki çehrelerinin yanı sıra halkın düşünce ve yaşam biçimlerini ulusallaştırma ve modernleştirme adımları ile geçmiştir. İlk etapta başkent Ankara’nın yeni ve modern bir çehreye dönüştürülmesi ile başlayan bu süreç bütçe elverdikçe diğer taşra kentlerine de sirayet etmiş ve model olmuştur. Ancak I. Dünya Savaşı ve Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın yıkıcı etkilerini yaşayan ülkenin toparlanması epey zaman almıştır. Bu dönemde kalifiye meslek adamlarının eksikliği, bürokratik süreçlerin uzaması, malzeme ve usta tedariğinde yaşanan sıkıntılar, ekonomik zorluklarla mücadele gibi sorunlar Anadolu kentlerinin fiziki çevresini ulusal ve modern çevrelere dönüştürme adımlarını zaman zaman sekteye uğratmış ve tüm bu süreçlerin karmaşık ilişkiler ağı içerisinde sürdürülmesi zorunluluğunu gerektirmiştir. Ulusal mimarlık deneyimlerinin tahlil edildiği bu tez çalışmasında; 1923- 1950 yıllarına ele alan bir Bursa kenti panoraması sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; anlamsal, yönetsel ve teknik ve mekansal boyutu içeren üçlü bir kavramsal yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. Bu yaklaşım sayesinde; dönemin sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve siyasi dinamiklerine koşut olarak gelişen, Bursa kentinin sahne olduğu tüm alt ve üst yapı faaliyetleri işlevsel olarak tahlil edilebilmesi ve bu araştırmanın diğer Anadolu kentlerinde yapılması planlanan ulusal mimarlık faaliyetlerine yönelik araştırmalara ışık tutması umulmuştur.
The first years of the Republic were marked by steps to nationalize and modernize the physical appearance of the settlements in the geography of Turkey, whose borders were clearly defined by the Treaty of Lausanne, as well as the people’s thoughts and lifestyles. This process, which initially began with the transformation of the capital Ankara into a new and modern face, spread to other provincial cities as the budget allowed and became a model. However, it took a long time for the country, which experienced the devastating effects of World War I and the War of Independence, to recover. During this period, problems such as the lack of qualified professionals, the prolongation of bureaucratic processes, difficulties in the supply of materials and craftsmen, and the struggle with economic difficulties occasionally disrupted the steps to transform the physical environment of Anatolian cities into national and modern environments, and necessitated the continuation of all these processes within a complex network of relationships. In this thesis study, where national architectural experiences are analyzed, it is aimed to present a panorama of Bursa city covering the years 1923-1950. For this purpose, a triple conceptual approach including semantic, administrative, technical and spatial dimensions is proposed. Thanks to this approach, it is hoped that all infrastructure and superstructure activities that Bursa city has witnessed, which developed in parallel with the social, cultural, economic and political dynamics of the period, can be analyzed functionally and that this research will shed light on the researches planned for national architectural activities in other Anatolian cities.
The first years of the Republic were marked by steps to nationalize and modernize the physical appearance of the settlements in the geography of Turkey, whose borders were clearly defined by the Treaty of Lausanne, as well as the people’s thoughts and lifestyles. This process, which initially began with the transformation of the capital Ankara into a new and modern face, spread to other provincial cities as the budget allowed and became a model. However, it took a long time for the country, which experienced the devastating effects of World War I and the War of Independence, to recover. During this period, problems such as the lack of qualified professionals, the prolongation of bureaucratic processes, difficulties in the supply of materials and craftsmen, and the struggle with economic difficulties occasionally disrupted the steps to transform the physical environment of Anatolian cities into national and modern environments, and necessitated the continuation of all these processes within a complex network of relationships. In this thesis study, where national architectural experiences are analyzed, it is aimed to present a panorama of Bursa city covering the years 1923-1950. For this purpose, a triple conceptual approach including semantic, administrative, technical and spatial dimensions is proposed. Thanks to this approach, it is hoped that all infrastructure and superstructure activities that Bursa city has witnessed, which developed in parallel with the social, cultural, economic and political dynamics of the period, can be analyzed functionally and that this research will shed light on the researches planned for national architectural activities in other Anatolian cities.
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Keywords
Erken Cumhuriyet dönemi, Ulusal kimlik, Mimarlık ortamı, Bursa kenti, Milli mimari, Early Republican period, National identity, Architectural environment, Bursa city, National architecture