Publication: Michel Foucault’nun düşüncesinde suçun arkeolojisi: Sosyolojik bir değerlendirme
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Odacı, Esra
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Akosman, Bengül Güngörmez
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ortaya attığı fikirler ile toplumsal yapı incelemelerinde yeni bir dönem başlatan Michel Foucault, düşüncelerini ilişkileri inceleyerek kurmuştur. Biyo-iktidar kavramı ile de iktidar ilişkilerinin bireyi disipline ederek inşa etmek üzerine kurulu olduğunu ve bu amaçla hapishane, okul gibi kurumların kullanıldığını ileri süren düşünür, bireyin suçlu ya da öğrenci olması fark etmeksizin iktidar söylemleri ile inşa edilen bir özne olduğunu belirtmiştir. Çalışmamızda düşünürün arkeolojik yönteminden hareketle suç sorunu hakkındaki çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. Suç sorununu iktidarın bir düşmanı olarak değil, toplumu denetleme ve gözetleme politikalarını arttırmak için kullandığı bir mekanizma olarak ele almaktadır. İnsanlığın bedenini denetim altına almakla yetinmeyen bir iktidardan söz eden Foucault, tüm tahakküm mekanizmalarına karşı suç sorununun devam etmekte olduğunu belirtir. Suç sorununun toplum için en büyük getirisi denetim ve gözetim mekanizmalarının -özellikle de polisin- yetkilerinin artışıdır. Bu durumdan hareketle iktidarın suçu bilinçli olarak yeniden ürettiğini savını ortaya atar. Bu çalışma ile Foucault’nun düşüncelerinden ve kavramlarından hareketle suçun toplumsal kontekstini değerlendirirken suç eylemlerinin belirleyicisi olan yasa, suçlu imal etmek için bir merkez olarak hapishane, suçun saldırıda bulunduğu bir değer olarak adalet gibi konular üzerinde değerlendirmeler yapılmış ve Foucault ile birlikte Hannah Arendt, Judith Butler, Baudrillard, Byung-Chul Han gibi isimlerin düşünceleri de göz önünde bulundurulmuştur.
Michel Foucault, who started a new era in social structure studies with the ideas he put forward in the second half of the twentieth century, established his thoughts by examining relationships. The philosopher, who argued with the concept of bio-power that power relations are based on constructing the individual by disciplining them and that institutions such as prisons and schools are used for this purpose, stated that the individual is a subject constructed by the discourses of power, regardless of whether they are a criminal or a student. In our study, the philosopher’s studies on the problem of crime are discussed based on his archaeological method. He considers the problem of crime not as an enemy of power, but as a mechanism used to increase the policies of controlling and monitoring society. Foucault, who speaks of a power that is not content with controlling the body of humanity, states that the problem of crime continues against all mechanisms of domination. The greatest benefit of the problem of crime for society is the increase in the powers of control and monitoring mechanisms, especially the police. Based on this situation, he puts forward the argument that the government consciously reproduces crime. In this study, while evaluating the social context of crime based on Foucault's thoughts and notions, evaluations were made on issues such as the law as the determinant of criminal acts, prison as a center to produce criminals, and justice as a value that crime attacks. Also along with Foucault, the thoughts of figures such as Hannah Arendt, Judith Butler, Jean Baudrillard, and Byung-Chul Han have also been considered.
Michel Foucault, who started a new era in social structure studies with the ideas he put forward in the second half of the twentieth century, established his thoughts by examining relationships. The philosopher, who argued with the concept of bio-power that power relations are based on constructing the individual by disciplining them and that institutions such as prisons and schools are used for this purpose, stated that the individual is a subject constructed by the discourses of power, regardless of whether they are a criminal or a student. In our study, the philosopher’s studies on the problem of crime are discussed based on his archaeological method. He considers the problem of crime not as an enemy of power, but as a mechanism used to increase the policies of controlling and monitoring society. Foucault, who speaks of a power that is not content with controlling the body of humanity, states that the problem of crime continues against all mechanisms of domination. The greatest benefit of the problem of crime for society is the increase in the powers of control and monitoring mechanisms, especially the police. Based on this situation, he puts forward the argument that the government consciously reproduces crime. In this study, while evaluating the social context of crime based on Foucault's thoughts and notions, evaluations were made on issues such as the law as the determinant of criminal acts, prison as a center to produce criminals, and justice as a value that crime attacks. Also along with Foucault, the thoughts of figures such as Hannah Arendt, Judith Butler, Jean Baudrillard, and Byung-Chul Han have also been considered.
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Keywords
Foucault, Suç, Ceza, Adalet, Biyo-iktidar, Crime, Punishment, Justice, Bio-power