Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Energy is one of the most critical needs of today. In this direction, scientific studies are carried out to search for new and more environmentally friendly energy sources and develop systems that generate energy from new sources. It is essential to operate micro-/nanostructures without needing an external power source and to provide their energy needs. The self-power phenomenon is a suitable solution for micro-/nanoelectronic applications that do not require an external power source, such as batteries. Piezoelectric materials can transform ambient energy (mechanical, sound, wind, wave) into useful energy. Piezo-crystals and piezo-ceramics are limited in use under high-amplitude vibrations and deformations due to their brittle structure. On the other hand, piezo polymers perform well under high strain and vibrations since they have a more ductile and higher fatigue life. Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) are compact, flexible, and suitable harvesters for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Thanks to nanoadditives, the energy output of piezo polymers with low piezoelectric coefficients is increased. Piezo-polymer nanocomposites are promising materials for micro-/nanoelectronic applications and wearable electronic devices. This chapter consists of three main topics: piezoelectric materials, production techniques of piezo-polymer nanocomposites, and energy-harvesting applications.