Publication: Farklı su ve azot seviyelerinin karpuz verimi üzerine etkisi
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Authors
Arar, Hind
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Kuşçu, Hayrettin
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Su ve azot (N), karpuz bitkisinin vejetatif ve generatif gelişimini etkileyen temel belirleyicilerdir. Bu çalışmada, farklı sulama ve azot seviyeleri altında Bursa ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen karpuz bitkisinin su-verim ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. A sınıfı buharlaşma kabından buharlaşan su miktarına farklı bitki-kap katsayıları (kpc) uygulanarak dört sulama seviyesi (IR-100, IR-75, IR-50 ve IR-25) ve beş azot oranı (N, kg ha-1) (N0, N75, N150, N225 ve N300) deneme konusu olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada, bölünmüş parseller deneme deseni kullanılmıştır. Deneme konularına 201 ile 550 mm arasında sulama suyu uygulanırken bitki su tüketimi 275 ile 634 mm arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. En yüksek meyve verimi, IR-100 konusundan elde edilmiştir. Sulama seviyelerindeki azalmayla birlikte verim de azalmıştır. Meyve verimi, tek meyve ağırlığı ve meyve boyutu 225 kg ha-1 azot seviyesine kadar artış göstermiştir. Sulama ve azot interaksiyonu, meyve verimi üzerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli (p<0.01) etki göstermiştir. En yüksek verim ve verim bileşenleri IR-100 sulama konusu altında N225 ve N150 azot oranlarında elde edilirken ikinci en yüksek verim IR75×N225 interaksiyonundan elde edilmiştir. Düşük sulama seviyeleri ve 225 kg ha-1’a kadar artan azot oranlarında daha yüksek su üretkenliği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yüksek düzeyde karpuz verimi elde etmek ve su verimliliğini artırmak için A sınıfı kaptan buharlaşan su miktarına kpc=0,75 katsayısı uygulanarak sulama yapılması ve 225 kg ha-1 azot oranı önerilebilir. Bu koşullar sonucunda, uygulanan sulama suyu miktarı, bitki su tüketimi, meyve verimi ve su verimliliği değerleri sırasıyla 434 mm, 537 mm, 100,23 t ha-1 ve 18,47 kg m-3 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Water and nitrogen (N) are the main determinants affecting watermelon plants' vegetative and generative growth. This study aimed to determine the water-yield relationships of watermelon plants grown in Bursa ecological conditions under different irrigation and N levels. Four irrigation levels (IR-100, IR-75, IR-50, and IR-25) and five N ratios (kg ha-1) (N0, N75, N150, N225 and N300) were considered as experimental treatments. In the study, a split-plot experimental design was used. While irrigation water was applied to the treatments between 201 and 550 mm, actual crop evapotranspiration varied between 275 and 634 mm. Among the irrigation treatments, the IR-100 achieved the highest fruit yield. With the decrease in irrigation levels, the yield also decreased. Fruit yield, weight, and size increased to a N level of 225 kg ha-1. Irrigation and N interaction showed a statistically significant effect (p<0.01) on fruit yield. While the highest yield and yield components were obtained at N225 and N150 N rates under IR-100 treatment, the second highest yield was obtained from the IR75×N225 interaction. Relatively higher water productivity was found at low irrigation levels (IR-25 and IR-50) and increasing N rates up to 225 kg ha-1. As a result, to obtain high watermelon yield and increase water productivity, IR-75 irrigation treatment and a N rate of 225 kg ha-1. As a result of these conditions, the amount of applied irrigation water, actual evapotranspiration, fruit yield, and water productivity values were determined as 434 mm, 537 mm, 100,23 t ha-1, and 18,47 kg m-3, respectively
Water and nitrogen (N) are the main determinants affecting watermelon plants' vegetative and generative growth. This study aimed to determine the water-yield relationships of watermelon plants grown in Bursa ecological conditions under different irrigation and N levels. Four irrigation levels (IR-100, IR-75, IR-50, and IR-25) and five N ratios (kg ha-1) (N0, N75, N150, N225 and N300) were considered as experimental treatments. In the study, a split-plot experimental design was used. While irrigation water was applied to the treatments between 201 and 550 mm, actual crop evapotranspiration varied between 275 and 634 mm. Among the irrigation treatments, the IR-100 achieved the highest fruit yield. With the decrease in irrigation levels, the yield also decreased. Fruit yield, weight, and size increased to a N level of 225 kg ha-1. Irrigation and N interaction showed a statistically significant effect (p<0.01) on fruit yield. While the highest yield and yield components were obtained at N225 and N150 N rates under IR-100 treatment, the second highest yield was obtained from the IR75×N225 interaction. Relatively higher water productivity was found at low irrigation levels (IR-25 and IR-50) and increasing N rates up to 225 kg ha-1. As a result, to obtain high watermelon yield and increase water productivity, IR-75 irrigation treatment and a N rate of 225 kg ha-1. As a result of these conditions, the amount of applied irrigation water, actual evapotranspiration, fruit yield, and water productivity values were determined as 434 mm, 537 mm, 100,23 t ha-1, and 18,47 kg m-3, respectively
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Keywords
Azot, Damla sulama, Sulama programlama, Verim bileşenleri, Nitrogene, Drip irrigation, Irrigation programming, Yield components