Comprehensive Review of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Emerging Trends and Applications in Simultaneous Detection of Uric Acid, Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid

Abstract

This article explores the latest advancements in the use of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the simultaneous detection of uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA), and ascorbic acid (AA) in various biological fluids. These analytes are crucial due to their association with numerous diseases and their vital roles in physiological functions. MWCNTs, especially when combined with zinc-nickel (ZnNi), offer promising attributes like high conductivity, large surface area, and excellent electrocatalytic properties. The synergy between MWCNTs and ZnNi enhances their effectiveness, making them ideal for constructing highly selective and sensitive electrochemical sensors. This review meticulously examines the synthesis and functionalization of MWCNTs, highlighting their improved solubility and reactivity. We discuss the sensor construction process, emphasizing the compatibility with electrode materials and functionalization techniques. In addition, we analyse the electrochemical properties and performance of these sensors. The key findings of this review aim to guide researchers in exploiting functionalized MWCNTs for developing highly selective and sensitive sensors for UA, DA, and AA, with potential applications in pathological, clinical, and biological studies.