Publication: Kafkas Albania Krallığı’nın dış politikası (MÖ I. yüzyıl – MS V. yüzyıl)
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Authors
Authors
Durğut, Sena Nur
Advisor
Tezcan, Mehmet
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Tarih boyunca heterojen bir etnik yapıya sahip olan Güney Kafkasya toprakları, izleri günümüze kadar takip edilen kadim krallıklara ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu coğrafyada, Grek yazarlarının “Albanoi”, Gürcülerin “Rani”, Fars edebiyatının ise “Aran” olarak kaydettiği Albanialıların kurduğu krallık diğerlerine kıyasla en az bilinendir. Miladın ilk yıllarından itibaren bu topraklarda yaşayan, izole konumu sebebiyle burada gelişip büyüyen Albania Krallığı coğrafyanın diğer yerel paydaşları Armenia ve İberia ile birlikte Roma, Sâsânî ve Hun imparatorlukları başta olmak üzere farklı güçler tarafından zaman zaman tehdit edildiler. MÖ I. yüzyılda Romalı generaller Albania topraklarına ilk defa geldikleri sırada, Strabon’un da vurguladığı gibi Albanialıların ok ve yay kullanan ağır zırhlı süvari gücüyle karşılaştılar. Komşuları İberia’dan bile daha üstün bir askerî güce sahip olan Albanialılar Romalılara karşı güçlü bir direniş gösterdiler. Roma orduları karşısında direnen Albanialılar sonraki süreçte değiştirdikleri dış politika sebebiyle topraklarına gelen ikinci büyük imparatorluk olan Sâsânîlere karşı daha ılımlı bir ittifak stratejisi geliştirdiler. MS 252 yılından itibaren Sâsânî imparatorluğunun sadık bir tebaası haline gelen Albanialılar baskın İran kültürüne entegre oldular. Albania ilk başta her ne kadar Roma ve Sâsânî imparatorlukları arasında denge politikası gütse de ilerleyen süreçte hem askerî hem de siyasî evlilikler yoluyla güçlendirilen ittifak Albanialıların giderek daha fazla Pers hakimiyetine girmesine sebep oldu. Bu bağlamda tez çalışması boyunca Albanialıların bölgenin siyasî anlamda belirleyici otoritelerine karşı oluşturmaya çalıştığı dış politika tarih perspektifiyle incelenerek, Albania konusunda çok kısıtlı olan Türkçe literatürün gelişmesine katkı sağlanmaya çalışılmıştır.
The South Caucasus lands, which have had a heterogeneous ethnic structure throughout history, have hosted ancient kingdoms whose traces can be traced to the present day. In this geography, the kingdom founded by the Albanians, recorded as “Albanoi” by Greek writers, "Rani" by Georgians, and “Aran” by Persian literature, is the least known compared to the others. The Kingdom of Albania, which lived in these lands since the early years of Christ and developed and grew here due to its isolated location, was threatened from time to time by different powers, especially the Roman, Sassanid and Hun empires, together with other local partners of the geography, Armenia and Iberia. When Roman generals came to Albania for the first time in the 1st century BC, they encountered the heavily armored cavalry force of the Albanians using bows and arrows, as Strabo emphasized. The Albanians, who had a military power even superior to their neighbors Iberia, put up a strong resistance against the Romans. The Albanians, who resisted the Roman armies, later developed a more moderate alliance strategy against the Sassanids, the second largest empire that came to their lands, due to their changed foreign policy. Becoming loyal subjects of the Sassanid empire from 252 AD, the Albanians integrated into the dominant Iranian culture. Although Albania initially pursued a policy of balance between the Roman and Sassanid empires, the alliance, which was strengthened through both military and political marriages, caused the Albanians to increasingly come under Persian rule. In this context, throughout the thesis study, the foreign policy that the Albanians tried to establish against the politically decisive authorities of the region was examined from a historical perspective, contributing to the development of the very limited Turkish literature on Albania.
The South Caucasus lands, which have had a heterogeneous ethnic structure throughout history, have hosted ancient kingdoms whose traces can be traced to the present day. In this geography, the kingdom founded by the Albanians, recorded as “Albanoi” by Greek writers, "Rani" by Georgians, and “Aran” by Persian literature, is the least known compared to the others. The Kingdom of Albania, which lived in these lands since the early years of Christ and developed and grew here due to its isolated location, was threatened from time to time by different powers, especially the Roman, Sassanid and Hun empires, together with other local partners of the geography, Armenia and Iberia. When Roman generals came to Albania for the first time in the 1st century BC, they encountered the heavily armored cavalry force of the Albanians using bows and arrows, as Strabo emphasized. The Albanians, who had a military power even superior to their neighbors Iberia, put up a strong resistance against the Romans. The Albanians, who resisted the Roman armies, later developed a more moderate alliance strategy against the Sassanids, the second largest empire that came to their lands, due to their changed foreign policy. Becoming loyal subjects of the Sassanid empire from 252 AD, the Albanians integrated into the dominant Iranian culture. Although Albania initially pursued a policy of balance between the Roman and Sassanid empires, the alliance, which was strengthened through both military and political marriages, caused the Albanians to increasingly come under Persian rule. In this context, throughout the thesis study, the foreign policy that the Albanians tried to establish against the politically decisive authorities of the region was examined from a historical perspective, contributing to the development of the very limited Turkish literature on Albania.
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Keywords
Kafkasya, Albania, Roma, Armenia, İberia, Sâsânîler, Hunlar, Caucasus, Rome, Iberia, Sassanids, Huns