The harmony and balance of the facial organs for a natural face beauty: A novel perspective for cosmetic/aesthetic interventions

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Facial beauty has attracted the attention of human societies for centuries, but there is not yet a common universal consensus on the perception of beauty. The first stage of facial analysis is a frontal examination of the face. Therefore, determining the morphometric characteristics of the face and facial organs will help to perceive the nuances that influence the aesthetics specific to each person. The aim of our study is to develop regression equations that will design personalized morphometric features for reconstructive and aesthetic applications that will adapt to each individual's personal face and facial organs and incorporate cultural elements. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with 100 volunteers, 50 males (mean age = 21.48 +/- 1.54 years) and 50 females (mean age = 21.26 +/- 0.66 years). We took facial photographs of the participants in the Frankfurt Horizontal plane so that measurements of the face and facial organs could be made on digital media. We measured forty parameters (eight for face, twelve for eyes, eight for nose, and twelve for lips). We used Image J (ver. 1.51) software for the measurements. We used SPSS Ver. 28.0 for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: As a result of the comparative statistical analysis, statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences were found between men and women in the F5-lower face height, E5-palpebral fissure height, E6-distance between the margin of the upper eyelid and the eyebrow, E8-distance between the midpoint of the eye and the edge of the lower eyelid, N3-alar width, and N5-nasal root angle variables. Conclusions: On the basis of the correlation analyses, linear regression equations were developed to estimate the ideal natural facial morphometry of men and women by the means of variables that were highly correlated with each other. The equations developed will estimate the optimum morphometric features of a person for natural harmony and balance between the face and facial organs in accordance with the individual's population and gender. We believe that our study will guide medical professionals who perform cosmetic/aesthetic interventions and also inspire software or artificial intelligence applications related to facial or facial organ design.