Publication: Soren Kierkegaard'da tekil birey ve varoluş
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Gürdal, Gökhan
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Çüçen, A. Kadir
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Batı düşüncesi içerisinde, Aydınlanma düşüncesinin ve Hegel felsefesinin karşıtı olarak Kierkegaard "tekil birey" ve "varoluş"un kavramlarının önemini vurgulamaya çalışmıştır. Bunu yaparken Antik Çağ'ın belki de en önemli filozofu olan Sokrates'i, Hristiyanlığın bir ifadesi olarak İncil'i ve Hristiyanlığın bir tezahürü olarak da İsa'yı temel almıştır. Modern rasyonalizm ve Aydınlanma düşüncesinin kuşatıcı Zeitgeisf ına, klasik ifadesiyle, tekilin tümel içerisinde eritilmesine, kökenini Sokrates'te bulduğu "tekil birey" anlayışı üzerinden son derece yoğun eleştirel getirir. "Varoluş"un anlamının unutulduğu bir çağda, bir yandan bu unutuluşun zeminine ilişkin keskin bir eleştiri sunmuş, diğer yandan da, Hristiyanlık üzerine olan çalışmaları ekseninde, sentez olarak insan/varoluş fikrini bir çözüm üretmiştir. Bu açıdan, varoluşun mahiyetine ilişkin evresel bir bakış geliştirerek, insanın/bireyin içerisinde bulunabileceği varoluş evrelerini estetik, etik ve dini evreler olarak ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmada Kierkegaard'ın; irrasyonalist, varoluşsal, sistem karşıtı, öznelci ve tekile vurgu yapan felsefesi, "tekil birey" ve "varoluş" kavramları açısından irdelenmekte ve Kierkegaard' ın Hristiyan imanını temellendirme çabasına da gönderme yaparak sorgulanmaya çalışılmaktadır.
Kierkegaard; who had arisen in Western thought, as a contrary to Enlightenment thought and Hegel's philosophy, had tried to emphasize the importance of "single individual" and "existence" concepts. While doing this, he bases on Socrates who is maybe the most important philosopher of Ancient Age, Bible as an expression of Christianity and Jesus Christ as an appearence of Christianity. He criticizes Modern rationalism and surrounding Zeitgeist of Enlihgtenment thought, with its classical expression, dissolving the singular in universal, using the comprehension of "single individual" its roots he obtains in Socrates, very sharply. In the age which had forgetten the meaning of "existence", he had presented a very sharp criticism to ground of this forgetting, on the other side he had offered the comperehension of "human/existence as synthesis" as a solution. From this point of view he develops the idea of stages which human/individual might be in, and he put them forth as the aesthetical, the ethical and the religious stages. In this work it is tried to scrutinize and investigate Kierkegaard's irrationalist, existential, nonsystematic, subjective and emphasizing the individual philosophy from the point of "single individual" and "existence, with referring to his effort to establish the Christian faith.
Kierkegaard; who had arisen in Western thought, as a contrary to Enlightenment thought and Hegel's philosophy, had tried to emphasize the importance of "single individual" and "existence" concepts. While doing this, he bases on Socrates who is maybe the most important philosopher of Ancient Age, Bible as an expression of Christianity and Jesus Christ as an appearence of Christianity. He criticizes Modern rationalism and surrounding Zeitgeist of Enlihgtenment thought, with its classical expression, dissolving the singular in universal, using the comprehension of "single individual" its roots he obtains in Socrates, very sharply. In the age which had forgetten the meaning of "existence", he had presented a very sharp criticism to ground of this forgetting, on the other side he had offered the comperehension of "human/existence as synthesis" as a solution. From this point of view he develops the idea of stages which human/individual might be in, and he put them forth as the aesthetical, the ethical and the religious stages. In this work it is tried to scrutinize and investigate Kierkegaard's irrationalist, existential, nonsystematic, subjective and emphasizing the individual philosophy from the point of "single individual" and "existence, with referring to his effort to establish the Christian faith.
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Keywords
Aydınlanma, Sokrates, Tekil birey, Varoluş, Doğabilimleri, Varoluşun evreleri, Sentez olarak insan, Hristiyanlık, İman, Enlightenment, Socrates, Single individual, Existence, Natural sciences, Stages of existence, Human as a synthesis, Christianity, Faith
Citation
Gürdal, G. (2010). Soren Kierkegaard'da tekil birey ve varoluş. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.