Invasive prolactinomas

Abstract

Prolactinomas can be classified into several categories. Pituitary adenomas are categorized as invasive or noninvasive depending on their ability to cross the delineations established on the medial and lateral borders of the internal carotid arteries in coronal imaging. Lactotrophic invasive adenomas are managed in a manner analogous to benign adenomas. Initially, medical treatment is recommended, except in cases where emergency surgery is necessary or dopamine agonists are contraindicated. Prolactinomas can be classified under various categories, despite the higher prevalence of aggression. A prevalent classification distinguishes adenomas based on their invasiveness. Invasion is a predictor of the rate of remission attainment following surgical intervention. The Knosp classification is the most widely utilized system for assessing invasion. Pituitary adenomas are categorized as invasive or noninvasive based on their ability to cross the delineations on the medial and lateral borders of the internal carotid arteries observed in coronal imaging. Knosp developed this classification by correlating surgical findings of invasions with magnetic resonance imaging results. The management of lactotrophic invasive adenomas parallels that of noninvasive adenomas. Medical treatment is preferred initially, except in cases necessitating emergency surgery or where dopamine agonists are contraindicated. While aggressiveness is prevalent in invasive lactotroph adenomas, most cases exhibit a favorable response to dopamine agonist treatment, resulting in a swift reduction in adenoma size. In cases of dopamine agonist resistance, alternative treatment options warrant evaluation. It is important to note that rhinorrhea may occur following the commencement of medical treatment for adenomas invading the sphenoid sinus.