Publication: Bal arılarında (Apis mellifera L.) farklı diyet uygulamalarının transkriptom profilleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması
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Kaynak, Hatice Nur
Advisor
Türkeç, Aydın
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Beslenme alışkanlıkları, yaşlanma sürecinde genetik ve epigenetik olarak düzenlenen gelişimsel mekanizmaları etkileyebilmektedir. Bu mekanizmalar arasında telomer kısalması, DNA hasarı, mitokondriyal disfonksiyon, NAD⁺ düzeylerinde azalma ve hücrelerarası iletişimde bozulma gibi moleküler süreçler yer almaktadır. Fizyolojik homeostazın korunmasında önemli bir rol oynayan flavonoidler ve fenolik asitler gibi biyoaktif bileşikler, enerji metabolizması ve hücresel sinyal yolaklarını düzenleyerek yaşlanmayla ilişkili mekanizmaları etkileyebilir. Bu bağlamda, aynı genoma sahip olmalarına rağmen kraliçe ve işçi bal arılarındaki (Apis mellifera L.) belirgin fizyolojik farklılıklar, beslenmenin gelişim ve yaşam süresi üzerindeki etkisini göstermektedir. Özellikle larval dönemdeki beslenme farklılıklarının, DNA metilasyonu gibi epigenetik yollarla bu farklılaşmayı yönlendirdiği düşünülmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, epigenetik düzenleyici özelliklere sahip bileşenleri içeren farklı diyetlerin bal arısı larva gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, histon deasetilaz inhibitörleri (HDACi) ve aktivatörleri (HDACa) grubunda yer alan Resveratrol, Kuersetin, Kurkumin, Nikotinik asit ve Nikotinamid içeren diyetlerle beslenen larvalardan elde edilen örneklerle RNA-Seq tabanlı transkriptom analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda diferansiyel gen ekspresyonu gösteren genler belirlenmiş ve bu genlerin ifade düzeyleri kantitatif ters transkriptaz polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (qRT-PZR) yöntemiyle doğrulanmıştır. Bu sayede, farklı diyetlerin larvaların gen ekspresyon profilleri üzerindeki etkileri moleküler düzeyde ortaya konulmuş ve RNA-Seq ile elde edilen bulguların güvenilirliği qRT-PZR analizleri ile doğrulanmıştır. Ek olarak, bal arısında ifade değişikliği gösteren genlerin dahil olduğu biyolojik yollar KEGG analizi ile tespit edilmiştir.
Dietary habits can influence developmental mechanisms that are genetically and epigenetically regulated during the aging process. These mechanisms include molecular and cellular pathways such as telomere shortening, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced NAD⁺ levels, and impaired intercellular communication. Bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which play a significant role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, may regulate aging-related processes by modulating energy metabolism and cellular signaling pathways. In this context, notable physiological differences between queen and worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), despite sharing the same genome, highlight the impact of nutrition on development and lifespan. It is suggested that differences in larval diet contribute to this divergence through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. This thesis investigates the effects of diets containing components with epigenetic regulatory properties on the development of honey bee larvae. Larvae were fed diets including Resveratrol, Quercetin, Curcumin, Nicotinic acid, and Nicotinamide compounds classified as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) or activators (HDACa). Transcriptome analyses based on RNA-Seq were conducted on samples obtained from these larvae. Differentially expressed genes under different dietary conditions were identified, and the expression levels of these genes were validated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In this way, the effects of different diets on the gene expression profiles of larvae were revealed at the molecular level, and the reliability of the RNA-Seq findings was confirmed by qRT-PCR analyses. In addition, the biological pathways involving genes that showed differential expression in the honey bee were identified through KEGG analysis.
Dietary habits can influence developmental mechanisms that are genetically and epigenetically regulated during the aging process. These mechanisms include molecular and cellular pathways such as telomere shortening, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced NAD⁺ levels, and impaired intercellular communication. Bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, which play a significant role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, may regulate aging-related processes by modulating energy metabolism and cellular signaling pathways. In this context, notable physiological differences between queen and worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), despite sharing the same genome, highlight the impact of nutrition on development and lifespan. It is suggested that differences in larval diet contribute to this divergence through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. This thesis investigates the effects of diets containing components with epigenetic regulatory properties on the development of honey bee larvae. Larvae were fed diets including Resveratrol, Quercetin, Curcumin, Nicotinic acid, and Nicotinamide compounds classified as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) or activators (HDACa). Transcriptome analyses based on RNA-Seq were conducted on samples obtained from these larvae. Differentially expressed genes under different dietary conditions were identified, and the expression levels of these genes were validated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In this way, the effects of different diets on the gene expression profiles of larvae were revealed at the molecular level, and the reliability of the RNA-Seq findings was confirmed by qRT-PCR analyses. In addition, the biological pathways involving genes that showed differential expression in the honey bee were identified through KEGG analysis.
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Keywords
Bal arısı, Apis mellifera L., Sirtuin, Gen ifadesi, Biyoaktif molekül, Trankriptom, Honey bee, Gene expression, Bioactive molecule, Transcriptome