Maximum power harvesting from fuel cell systems: A comprehensive review on critical role of mppt methods, parameters and control algorithms

Abstract

Fuel cells represent a pivotal technology in the transition to sustainable energy, presenting high efficiency and low environmental impact. However, their power output is inherently non-linear, influenced by internal parameters and external conditions such as temperature, membrane hydration, and fuel supply, presenting challenges in achieving optimal performance. As a result, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are critical to maximise power harvesting from fuel cell systems. In comparison to existing review studies, the current study explores the functional role of MPPTs and a detailed classification of parameters in fuel cells in addition to the various methodologies and optimization strategies employed in MPPT for fuel cell systems, emphasising the integration of advanced control techniques. The study also explains the functional utilisation capabilities and the impact of key operational parameters on maximum power harvesting from fuel cells. MPPT methods are also categorized in terms of classical, intelligent, metaheuristic, and hybrid approaches for highlighting their typical contributions to optimizing fuel cell performance. By synthesizing recent advances, this review identifies critical research gaps and proposes innovative solutions to improve the fuel efficiency, system stability, and longevity. The findings highlight the effective role of MPPT in advancing the use of fuel cell technology for many applications ranging from electric vehicles to stationary power systems. This comprehensive analysis provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the use of fuel cells as a renewable energy solution, with the aim of optimizing fuel cell operation and using environmentally friendly and clean energy.