2021 Cilt 15 Sayı 45

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/27327

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    Watershed characteristics and synthetic unit hydrographs determination using geographical information systems
    (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-03-26) Bantchina, Béré Benjamin; Gündoğdu, Kemal Sulhi; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü
    Precipitations and discharges are keys data in river watershed studies. In Nilüfer Dam Watershed, the flow values are measured every hour, whereas the cumulative rainfall values are recorded daily by the Public Water Management Department (DSİ). This study aimed to determine the characteristics of Nilüfer Dam Watershed and Synthetic Unit Hydrographs using Geographical Information Systems. The DSI synthetic method, Mockus method, and Snyder synthetic method were used in this study. For these three methods, the results showed a slightly significant difference between the discharge peaks of the resulting unit hydrographs. The highest discharge peak was achieved by the DSI Synthetic method (Qp = 4.40 m3/sec/mm) and the smallest by the Mockus method (Qp = 3.75 m3/sec/mm). The Mockus method achieved the longest basin lag time (Tp = 5.95 hours), and the shortest basin lag time was acquired by the Snyder method (Tp = 4.8 hours). This study suggests using synthetic methods for unit hydrographs determination in watersheds where there is no measured data.
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    Generation and composition of municipal solid waste in Karachi
    (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-05-13) Shahid, Muhammad; Ahmed, Waqar; Arif, Afsheen; Jabeen, Suraiya
    Mega city Karachi has its discrepancies in solid waste management. According to this study, Karachi city currently generates more than 20,000 ton per day (TPD) of municipal solid waste (MSW), 1.244Kg/c/d, and 7.464Kg/h/d. Only 50% of the waste reached at the land filled site that is 9216.468 t/d and the total capacity of both the landfill sites is 9500 t/d. The composition of MSW is also assessed in summer and winter 2019 to 2020 and it was found that MSW containing the waste in the following order: organic waste >plastic waste > paper waste>textile waste> tetra brick aseptic packaging waste>diapers > nappies. This study investigates the system of the current solid waste management in Karachi city according to collection, transportation, and disposal to MSW dumping site and pinpoint the weakness in every process along the way and includes observation and interviews to deal with actual scenario as well. A total 300 respondents were then interviewed using elaborated questionnaire. The results were appealing against the current strategies of civic agencies responsible for solid waste management, it is an effort to secure people from serious health effects. The future solid waste generation has been estimated till 2030 is to be 25669.193 tons/d based on growth rate of 2.53%. The research had concluded that recycling as well as process treatment is the best strategy to eliminate or reduce the volume of waste using state of the art techniques to secure the natural recourses.
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    Effects of different irrigation levels on yield and yield components of drip irrigated popcorn
    (Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-03-23) Tüfekçi, Ali; Kuşçu, Hayrettin; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü
    In areas of water scarcity, plant responses to soil water levels should be investigated to improve crop water productivity. This study was carried out to determine the effects of different irrigation levels on yield and some yield components using the drip irrigation method of popcorn (Zea mays L. everta R427) in sub-humid climate conditions in western Turkey. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Four different irrigation treatments were studied: 100% (S1, pan-crop coefficient kpc=1.00), 75% (S2, kpc=0.75), 50% (S3, kpc=0.50), and 25% (S4, kpc=0.25) of the evaporation measured in the Class-A pan. The amount of irrigation water applied varied between 126-516 mm, and crop evapotranspiration was between 245-590 mm. While the highest grain yield (486.2 kg da-1) was obtained from the S1 irrigation treatment, followed by S2. The yield decreased owing to the decrease in irrigation level. Thousand-grain weight, ear diameter, ear length, single-ear weight, number of rows per ear, and plant height values in the S1 and S2 irrigation treatments were higher than the S3 and S4. It was concluded that the Class-A pan could be used to schedule popcorn irrigation, and 75% of evaporation from Class-A pan would be enough for irrigation. In this condition, around 25% savings in irrigation water and a 20% decrease in crop evapotranspiration could be achieved. In comparison, a decrease of 6% in grain yield and an enhancement in water productivity could be attained.