2023 Cilt 23 Sayı 1

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11452/32903

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Israel acute bee paralysis virus prevalence in apiaries with colony loss in Türkiye
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-05-02) Muz, Dilek; Muz, Mustafa Necati
Honeybees are indispensable pollinator insects for vegetative pollination and biodiversity. Moreover, they serve medicinal importance with products such as honey, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly. Sudden bee deaths and colony collapse disorder (CCD) threaten the sustainability of colony health. Honeybee viruses, parasites, and pathogens trigger colony losses and CCD. This study investigated the presence and prevalence of Israeli acute bee paralysis virus (IAPV) in apiaries with sudden bee deaths, colony losses, and CCD-like problems in 16 provinces in different eco-geographic regions of Türkiye between 2011- 2021. Samples were tested for the coexistence of honeybee pathogens with IAPV. The sampled apiaries were evaluated for other bee pathogens such as Acute bee paralysis virus, Black queen bee virus, Chronic bee paralysis virus, Deformed wing virus, Kashmir bee virus, Lake Sinai virus, Sacbrood virus, Varroa mites, and Nosema sp. analyzed. Pathogen-specific RT-PCR assay was used for bee viruses. IAPV positivity was found to be 52.5% in apiaries. 97.5% of the sampled apiaries were positive for at least one pathogen. According to the results of this study, the presence of IAPV in apiaries suffering from colony loss and CCD-like problems was higher than in previous reports, and viruses of different species, Nosema sp., and varroa infestation were found to be frequently encountered. The results suggest that the coexistence of IAPV and multiple pathogens may be effective in colony losses.
Phenetic variation in honey bee (apis mellifera) population of the Toratau Geopark, the Republic of Bashkortostan
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-05-11) Sagitov, Salavat T.; Ilyasov, Rustem A.; Sattarov, Vener N.; Abdrakhimova, Yuliya R.; Danilenko, Valery N.; Gazizova, Nailya R.; Sattarova, Amilya V.; Boguslavsky, Dmitry V.
A phenetic analysis of the honey bee population of the Toratau Geopark (Russia) was performed. Over 1,000 worker and drone bee samples were collected from 250 colonies in 59 apiaries on the territory of the Toratau Geopark (Gafuriysky, Ishimbaysky, Meleuzovsky, and Sterlitamaksky districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan). Six phenes in worker bees and four phenes in drone bees were recognized. The phenes E, 1R, 2R, and 3R in workers and Is, I, and O-gray in drones were predominant in the honey bee population of the Toratau Geopark, which were associated with subspecies of the Clineage. These phenes can be used as indicators of introgressive hybridization in the local dark European honey bee population. The phenes allow for quick evaluation of certain honey bee colonies hybridization states.
Molecular identification of microbial pathogens in honey bees from Amasya
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-05-04) Utkan, Neşe Gül; Eroğlu, Gözde Büşra
Honey bees, Apis mellifera are highly beneficial insects that constitute both the livelihood of the producers and the food source of the consumers. However, there are some diseases that affect the yield of bees and cause the collapse of almost the entire colony. Most of these diseases are caused by microbial pathogens originating from viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Beekeeping is an important source of livelihood both in the center of Amasya and in almost all its districts. In this study, microbial pathogens that cause mass bee deaths and epidemics in Amasya province were determined using molecular methods. The results showed that the most common honey bee pathogens in Amasya are the Deformed wing virus, Chronic bee paralysis virus, and Aspergillus flavus fungus. Thus, the profile of bee diseases in Amasya province was determined for the first time with this study. In addition, this study guides other studies planned for the prevention of bee diseases and healthy beekeeping.
Fonksiyonel bir arıcılık ürünü olan arı sütünün bazı özellikleri ve sağlık üzerine etkileri
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-04-26) Mutlu, Gülizar; Akbulut, Doğa; Aydın, Nurten Seha; Mutlu, Ceren
İşçi bal arılarının hipofaringeal ve mandibular bezlerinden salgılanan arı sütü beyazımsı renkte, kendine özgü kokuda, ekşimsi tatlı bir tatta ve viskoz yapıda olan doğal bir arıcılık ürünüdür. Yapısında çeşitli karbonhidratlar, proteinler, esansiyel aminoasitler, lipitler, yağ asitleri, B grubu vitaminleri ile A, C, D ve E vitaminleri, potasyum, kalsiyum, sodyum, magnezyum gibi mineraller ve fenolik bileşikler bulunması nedeniyle arı sütünün besin değeri yüksektir. Arı sütünün sahip olduğu bu zengin biyoaktif bileşik içeriği sayesinde antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antiinflamatuar, antidiyabetik, antikanser ve antihipertansif etkiler ile bağışıklık, sinir ve sindirim sistemleri üzerine birçok olumlu etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle toplumun farklı kesimleri tarafından doğrudan arı sütü şeklinde veya bal, polen veya propolis karışımları halinde takviye gıda olarak tüketimi tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışma arı sütünün bazı fiziksel, duyusal ve kimyasal özellikleri, sağlık üzerine etkileri ve gıda olarak tüketimi ile ilgili bilgilerin derlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Economic performance of women honey marketers in Enugu state, Nigeria
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-03-19) Mukeila, Ridwan; Falola, Abraham; Akanbi, Sheu Usman Oladipo; Awoyelu, Festus Eluwande Durojaye; Umarli, İbrahim Isaac; Obalola, Oyeyode Tohib; Onaku, Cosmas Chikwado
Honey marketing is an important off-farm economic activity for women's livelihood and sustenance. Despite this, there is scant information in the literature about the economic performance of women honey marketers. Therefore, this study investigates the economic performance of women marketers, its drivers, and its challenges. Data collected from 120 women honey marketers were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross profit, net profit, benefit-cost ratio, return on capital invested, operating ratio, marketing margin, and multiple regression. We found that honey marketing was a profitable venture, as indicated by the high gross profit (USD 262.08), net income (USD 257.03), marketing margin (56%), benefit-cost ratio (1.72), and return on capital invested (0.72) per 58.14 liters sold. Honey marketing also had a low operating ratio of 0.57. Thus, women honey marketers performed economically well. The significant factors that enhanced the profitability of honey marketing were education, experience in honey marketing, credit, and membership in an association. While age, purchasing costs, and transportation costs reduced honey marketing profitability. Inadequate capital and credit, price fluctuations, a poor road network, high transportation costs, adulteration, and poor marketing information were the major severe constraints faced in honey marketing. These call for the provision of credit, training, and education to honey marketers by the government to enhance the profitability of the enterprise.
Coğrafi bilgi sistemi ve AHP ile arıcılık faaliyet alanları için arazi uygunluk değerlendirmesi: Bitlis/Türkiye örneği
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-04-03) Mercan, Çağrı
Arıcılık, biyoçeşitliliğe katkı sunarak kırsal kalkınmaya sağladığı destekten ötürü önemli bir faaliyet türüdür. Arıcılıktan elde edilen verimin arttırılabilmesi ve sürdürülebilirlik için bu faaliyet türünün yapılabileceği uygun yerlerin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, Bitlis ilinde Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) ve Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri kullanılarak arıcılık için bir yer seçimi değerlendirme modeli önerilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı yerel arıcılık faaliyetleri ile uğraşan kişilerin yanı sıra literatür verilerini de dikkate alan çok kriterli değerlendirmeye dayalı mekânsal bir karar destek sistemi oluşturmaktır. Çalışma ile Bitlis ili için arıcılığın yapılabileceği uygun alanlar belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada 11 kriter (84 alt kriter) seçilmiştir. Arıcılık faaliyetlerini olumsuz etkileyeceği için 5 alt kriter ise sınırlandırıcı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada arazi kullanımı/örtüsü, akarsulara mesafe, ortalama sıcaklık (mayıs-ağustos), NDVI, rüzgâr hızı (mayıs-ağustos), bakı, yükseklik, yağış (mayıs-ağustos), eğim, yola uzaklık ve elektrik hatlarına uzaklık kriterleri kullanılmıştır ve bu kriterlere ait tematik haritalar oluşturulmuştur. Değerlendirme kriterlerinin ağırlıklarının hesaplanmasında AHP yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve CBS ortamında ağırlıklı bindirme yöntemi ile arazi uygunluk haritası elde edilmiştir. Arazi uygunluk haritasında arıcılığın yapılabileceği çok uygun ve uygun alanların sırasıyla 1.620,02 km2 ve 2.003,81 km2, yüzey alanlarına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Oluşturulan uygunluk haritasında en uygun yerlerin sırasıyla Mutki, Merkez, Hizan, Tatvan, Ahlat, Güroymak ve Adilcevaz ilçelerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, arıcılık faaliyetleri ile uğraşan insanların haricinde sürdürülebilir tarım ve hayvancılık stratejilerinin oluşturulmasında, karar vericiler için de önemli bir kılavuz olacaktır.
Investigation of honey types (Chaste berry, chestnut, lavender, jerusalem thorn, acacia and sunflower) for specific macro and micro elements with heavy metal pollution
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-10-30) Güldaş, Metin; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü.; 0000-0002-5187-9380
In this research, heavy metal contents (Al, As, Pb and Cd) of 6 honey samples obtained from Marmara and Aegean regions of Turkiye (chaste berry, chestnut, jerusalem torn and sunflower kind of honeys) and 4 honey samples obtained from Bulgaria (lavender, acacia and sunflower kind of honeys) with micro and macro element contents including Ba, Cr, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mg, P, B, Na, K, Sr, S and Ca were analyzed by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Optical Emission Spectrometer). It was found that the heavy metal contents (Al, As, Cd and Pb) in the investigated honey samples were below the toxic limit values specified by the World Health Organisation and the Turkish Food Codex. In general, the mineral contents of honey samples vary according to the regions where they were taken. Among the honey samples taken from different regions; the contents of Pb, Al, As, Cr, Cu, Ba, Sr, Zn, B, Ca, K, Na, P and S changed at 1% significance level, while Mn, Ni and Fe contents differ at 5% level of significance. It was determined that as the apiary locations from which honey samples were taken approached the urban areas, the Pb content increased statistically by 1%, while the As and Co content increased at the 5% level of significance.
A comparative study on the quality of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens developed from larvae after the collection of royal jelly
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-12-08) Shaara, Hossam F. Abou
Rearing bee queens is almost done utilizing grafting young larvae while the effects of grafting using old larvae after the collection of royal jelly on the quality of queens are not known. In fact, the production of royal jelly depends on grafting, then discarding the larvae to collect the royal jelly. This study aimed to investigate this point by grafting old larvae after removing them from their original cells without food. Larvae at age about 2 days were grafted into plastic queen cell cups (selection and grafting method or S&G method) leaving royal jelly behind and then resultant queens were compared with naturally reared ones (or NQ). The study showed the absence of significant variations between the queens reared from the two methods in characteristics of queens and cells. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found in regard to the performance of colonies. The colonies with queens from S&G method had slightly higher performance than those with NQ. The study concluded that grafting using old larvae without their original food does not impair the quality of queens. During the production of royal jelly, larvae may be grafted into new cells to continue their normal development instead of discarding them.
Antimicrobial activity of Egyptian sidr honey and its synergistic action with antimicrobial agents
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-11-16) Omran, Nageh S. M.; Hassan, Mostafa M. M.; Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed F.; Desoky, Abd El-Aleem S.S.; Hamouda, Sayed M.
Determine the in vitro antibacterial potential activity sidr honey produced in upper Egypt against five references bacterial strains (Gram positive and Gram negative strains) and its synergistic effect with some antimicrobial agents. Material & Methods: fifteen Sidr honey samples were collected from three Governorates in Upper Egypt. Honey samples were diluted and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus by agar dilution method. Post determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, six honey samples were examined for their synergistic action with the ineffective antimicrobial agents. Results: In vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test, all bacterial strains showed multidrug resistance action against the 13 tested antimicrobial agents with high multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, it was ≥ 0.38. All Sidr bee honey samples showing antibacterial activity against the five tested references bacterial strains. All Sidr bee honey samples, showed better synergistic effect with all antimicrobial agents against.
Investigation of microorganism contamination points in beekeeping equipments with clinical signs of foulbrood in apiaries
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-04-16) Borum, Ayşe Ebru; Çakmak, İbrahim; 0000-0002-8000-5770
The goal of this study was to determine whether colonies with clinical signs of foulbrood in apiaries and hive tools, smokers, gloves, feeders and beekeeper's veils used in the same colonies were a reservoir source for microbial infections. For this purpose, samples were taken from colonies with clinical signs of foulbrood and collected from 29 different apiaries in the Southern Marmara region of Türkiye. The samples were brought to the laboratory under appropriate conditions, and agent isolation and identification were performed. Different microorganisms were isolated from the feeder, hive tool, beekeeper smoker, gloves and beekeeper suit samples collected from each apiary. Bacteria isolated from the samples taken from the hives with clinical signs of foulbrood and from the samples taken from the tools and equipment were isolated as the same species or as a mixture. As a result, an intense presence of microorganisms was detected in the hive tool, beekeeper suit, gloves, feeder, and beekeeper’s smoker, used by beekeepers, and it was determined that these materials used in beekeeping were a source of microbial reservoirs.
Discovering the chemical factors behind regional royal jelly differences via machine learning
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2023-03-16) Özkök, Aslı; Keskin, Merve; Samancı, Aslı Elif Tanuğur; Önder, Elif Yorulmaz; Silahtaroğlu, Gökhan
This study aims to discover the characteristic chemical factors for determining the region of royal jelly using machine learning. 84 samples from 13 different regions of Turkey were used for the study, and the chemical parameters of moisture, pH, acidity, and 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA) were investigated. ANOVA test was conducted to determine whether there are differences between royal jelly from 13 locations concerning the four chemical values. In addition to the statistical tests, a machine learning model was used to find out what makes royal jelly different from each other. The descriptive statistics of the chemical analysis results of royal jelly showed the following values: moisture 63.05%±2.99, pH 3.67±0.08, acidity 45.32±3.55, and 10-HDA 2.40±0.24. Surprisingly, the machine learning model suggests that 10-HDA may be the most prominent parameter for determining the region of royal jelly. This information will help us identify royal jelly’s authenticity more easily.
Investigation of chemical content and antimicrobial activities of different plant sources of anatolian propolis samples
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-12-29) Sönmez, Emine
The ethnopharmacological approach combined with chemical and biological methods can be a useful model in the field of pharmacology. One of these approaches, apitherapy, is the use of bee and hive products for therapeutic purposes. Propolis is among the best known of these bee products. The chemical composition of propolis varies according to the local or endemic flora, bee species, geographical origin and season. This study is to determine the antimicrobial activity differences between chestnut and polyfloral origin propolis against various pathogenic bacterial species. First of all, the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used for the determination of bioactive components known to be responsible for antimicrobial activity. FolinCiocalteu method and colorimetric aluminum chloride assay were used to determine the total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) amounts. 19 different pathogenic microorganisms were selected to test the antimicrobial activity levels of propolis samples with agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. TP and TF values of chestnut propolis (71.06 mg GAE/mL-11.75 mg QE/mL) were significantly higher than polyfloral sample (36.84 mg GAE/mL-7.04 mg QE/mL). Chrysin, a flavone derivative, was the most abundant compound in both samples. The MIC values of chestnut propolis ranged from 19.5 to 2500 µg/mL, while the MIC value of polyfloral origin propolis was between 39.06 and 5000 µg/mL. The most susceptible strain was Mycobacterium smegmatis for both samples with different concentration. Notably, it was observed that the botanical origins affect the chemical composition of propolis, and this situation can also be effect antibacterial and antifungal activity in respective propolis because of the different amount and diversity of bioactive compounds. Consequently, chestnut propolis is a promising candidate for drug discovery that can be used to treat some infectious diseases, including diseases related with resistant bacteria.

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