Browsing by Author "Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil"
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Item Air-soil exchange of PCBs: Seasonal variations in levels and fluxes with influence of equilibrium conditions(Elsevier Science, 2012-10) Taşdemir, Yücel; Salihoğlu, Güray; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Birgül, Aşkın; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-7718-0340; AAG-9413-2021; AAG-9468-2021; AAG-9399-2021; F-7879-2015; 6603118338; 8551769300; 55665111200; 12795386100The variations in the occurrences of PCB congeners both in soil and air were investigated in conjunction with each other, and the changes in the fugacity fractions and flux levels were examined on a seasonal basis. Air and soil samples were collected concurrently two or three times in a month during a one-year monitoring at two different locations in Bursa, located in the northwestern Turkey. Fugacity fractions and net flux levels of PCB congeners were calculated. Air and soil PCB levels increased together as the soil temperature increased, suggesting the influence of instantaneous air-soil exchange towards the equilibrium conditions. The flux levels and fugacity fractions also showed a positive significant correlation with soil temperature. Flux levels were positive for the dates with fugacity fractions above 0.5, indicating volatilization from soil to air.Item Assessment of urban source metal levels in influent, effluent, and sludge of two municipal biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plants of Bursa, an industrial city in Turkey(Wiley, 2012-11-28) Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; AAG-9413-2021; 55665111200Removal of Al, As, Cd, total Cr (Tot. Cr), Cu, Total Fe (Tot. Fe), Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn from urban effluent by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operated under five-stage Bardenpho (R) process were investigated and water soluble metals in the dewatered sludge were quantified. Samples were collected from two WWTPs on a weekly basis over an approximately 2.5-year time span. Tot. Fe and Al were the most abundant, As, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cd were the least abundant metals in the influents of both WWTPs. Removal efficiencies above 75% were achieved for Tot. Cr, Tot. Fe, Al, and Cu, whereas, no significant removal was observed for As, Cd, Pb, Sb, and Sn. Removal of Tot. Cr, Cu, Tot. Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, and Ni were influenced by influent suspended solids concentrations, and of Tot. Cr, Zn, and Cd were influenced by their initial content in the influent. Zn removal efficiency of biological nutrient removal (BNR) system in this study was higher and Cd removal efficiency was lower than that of conventional activated sludge reported in the literature. No remarkable difference for metals such as Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb was observed between the removal efficiencies of conventional system and BNR system.Item Atık su arıtma çamurlarının susuzlaştırılması ve stabilizasyonunda kapalı kurutma yataklarının kullanımı(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007) Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Pınarlı, Vedat; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.Ülkemizde atıksu arıtma çamurlarının en yaygın bertaraf yöntemi depolamadır. Mekanik susuzlaştırma ekipmanlarıyla %20–30 Katı Madde (KM) içeriğine ulaştırılan atık çamurlar doğrudan veya kireç ilavesinden sonra düzensiz/düzenli depolama sahalarına depolanmaktadır. Yüksek patojen içeriğine rağmen önemli bir toprak zenginleştirici kaynak olarak düşünülen atıksu arıtma çamurlarının bertaraf maliyetlerini düşürmek amacıyla farklı teknolojiler uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kapalı kurutma yataklarında güneşle çamur kurutma incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temelini, ülkemizin güneş enerjisi potansiyelinden yararlanmak ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını artırmak oluşturmuştur. Sistemin kullanımıyla daha az kimyasal sarfiyatı ve düşük maliyetle patojen mikroorganizma giderimi sağlanmıştır. Deneysel süreçte uzun havalandırmalı kentsel atıksu arıtma tesisi çamuru, açık ve kapalı sistemde beton zemin üzerine 25 cm. yüksekliğinde serilmiştir. Çamur kurutma süreci, kontrollü şartlarda incelenmiştir. Haziran –Ağustos döneminde 26 günde %23 Katı Madde (KM) içerikli çamur, açık ve kapalı tesislerde sırasıyla %79 KM ve %91 KM değerlerine ulaşmıştır. Kasım-Aralık döneminde aynı sürede açık tesiste hava şartları sebebiyle %17 KM’ye inilirken, kapalı tesiste %37 KM değerine ulaşılmıştır. KM ile eklenik güneş radyasyonu arasında (R2 >0,9) lineer bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Yaz döneminde kapalı sistemde başlangıçta %20 KM içerikli çamurdaki 107 Koloni Oluşturan Birim (CFU) / g. KM olan fekal koliform konsantrasyonu, Amerikan Çevre Ajansı (USEPA) tarafından belirlenen B sınıfı çamur sınırı olan 2.106 CFU / g. KM değerine 45 günde inmiştir. Sınırlı sönmemiş kireç ( 0,15 kg sönmemiş kireç / kg KM ) ilavesiyle aynı dönemde aynı tip çamurdaki fekal koliform konsantrasyonu 5 günde USEPA tarafından belirlenen A sınıfı çamur sınırı olan 103 CFU / g. KM değerine inmiştir. Depolama kriteri olan %35 KM değerine yaz döneminde kireç ilave edilmeden 10 günde ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, sınırlı kireçlemeyle birlikte gerçekleştirilen kapalı yatakta çamur kurutma sürecinin nihai çamur bertarafından önce ilave çamur susuzlaştırma ve kurutma amacıyla kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.Item Bioconversion of industrial wastes: Paint sludge from automotive manufacturing(Springer, 2018-07-24) Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Uçaroğlu, Selnur; Salihoğlu, Güray; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; AAG-9413-2021; AAG-8515-2021; AAG-9399-2021; 55665111200; 26642753300; 8551769300The compostability of water-based paint sludge originating from the automotive industry was investigated. Six reactors were operated. Wastewater treatment sludge from the same industry was used as additional substrate, and corncob was used as a bulking agent. The level of paint sludge within the compost mixtures varied between 55 and 85%. All reactors yielded a temperature increase up to thermophilic phase levels (>40 degrees C) for a minimum of 5days, and organic matter and C/N losses were observed. BTEX concentrations decreased during composting. Nickel and tin levels in the final product exceeded the legal compost limits. The calorific value of the compost mixtures increased from 9532 to 18774kJ/kg at the end of the composting process. It was seen that the process applied in this study can be utilized as a biodrying step before the usage of paint sludge at cement kilns as additional fuel.Item Çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinin çevre mühendisliğinde uygulanması(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-07-04) Tüfek, Gizem; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0001-5116-7837Katı atık depolama tesisleri, atıkların kontrollü bir şekilde biriktirilip kontrollerinin yapıldığı alanlardır. Nüfusun artması ile artan atık miktarlarının, insan sağlığına ve çevreye zarar vermemesi için atık depolama tesislerinin oluşturulması gereklilik haline gelmektedir. Atık yönetiminin en önemli aşamalarından biri bu depolama tesislerinin yer seçimidir. Depolama tesislerinin yer seçiminde pek çok kriter dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu seçimleri gerçekleştirmek için çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri gibi birçok teknik vardır. Bu tekniklerle, potansiyel tesisler arasından en uygun seçim yapılmasına imkan sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Mersinli (2021)’nin AHP verilerinden elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda, her kritere özel skalalar oluşturulmuş ve yeniden skorlama tekniği ile TOPSIS ve VIKOR tekniklerinde kullanılması için karar matrisi oluşturulmuştur. Bursa ili için en uygun alternatif tesisin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmış, TOPSIS ve VIKOR teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra AHP, TOPSIS ve VIKOR tekniklerinin sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Uygulanan tekniklerdeki sıralama sonuçlarına göre, aday tesislerin en uygunu, tekniklerin hepsinde aynı bulunmuştur.Item Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons levels in sludges from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants(Springer, 2010-04) Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Salihoğlu, Güray; Taşdemir, Yücel; Cindoruk, Sabahattin S.; Yolsal, Didem; Oğulmuş, Ruken; Karaca, Gizem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0001-7536-0332; AAG-9468-2021; AAH-3216-2021; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; 55665111200; 8551769300; 6603118338; 10339194600; 36191510700; 36191082400; 8551769200This study was carried out to investigate the concentrations and potential sources of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sludge of 14 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Sludge samples were collected from 2 municipal WWTPs, 11 industrial WWTPs, and 1 sanitary landfill leachate treatment plant within the city of Bursa, Turkey during the summer of 2008. Ultrasonication was applied for extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the PAH contents of the samples. Twelve of the 16 EPA-listed PAH compounds were determined. Total PAH concentrations (a(12) PAHs) determined in all of the sludge samples ranged from 1,781 to 19,866 mu g/kg dry matter (dm). The sum of 8 of the 11 EU PAHs varied between 1,481 and 17,314 mu g/kg dm, and 3 of the samples exceeded the proposed EU limit for land application. One of the automotive industry sludges contained the highest level of PAHs, followed by one of the municipal sludges. The average sum of 5- and 6-ring PAH compounds in all of the sludge samples amounted to almost 65% of the total PAHs. The diagnostic ratios of specific PAHs were calculated to determine the dominant sources for the PAHs in the sludge samples.Item Electricity generation from landfill gas in Turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2018) Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; AAG-9413-2021; 55665111200Landfill gas (LFG)-to-energy plants in Turkey were investigated, and the LFG-to-energy plant of a metropolitan municipal landfill was monitored for 3years. Installed capacities and actual gas engine working hours were determined. An equation was developed to estimate the power capacity for LFG-to-energy plants for a given amount of landfilled waste. Monitoring the actual gas generation rates enabled determination of LFG generation factors for Turkish municipal waste. A significant relationship (R=0.524, p<0.01, two-tailed) was found between the amounts of landfilled waste and the ambient temperature, which can be attributed to food consumption and kitchen waste generation behaviors influenced by the ambient temperature. However, no significant correlation was found between the ambient temperature and the generated LFG. A temperature buffering capacity was inferred to exist within the landfill, which enables the anaerobic reactions to continue functioning even during cold seasons. The average LFG and energy generation rates were 45m(3) LFG/ton waste landfilled and 0.08 MWhr/ton waste landfilled, respectively. The mean specific LFG consumption for electricity generation was 52928m(3)/MWhr.Implications: The paper will be useful for local authorities who need to manage municipal waste by using landfills. The paper will also be useful for investors who want to evaluate the energy production potential of municipal wastes and the factors affecting the energy generation process mostly for economical purposes. Landfills can be regarded as energy sources and their potentials need to be investigated. The paper will also be useful for policymakers dealing with energy issues. The paper contains information on real practical data such as engine working hours, equation to estimate the necessary power for a given amount of landfilled waste, and son on.Item Entegre katı atık yönetiminde analitik hiyerarşi prosesi ile coğrafi bilgi sistemi kullanarak düzenli depolama tesisi yer seçimi: Bursa örneği(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-02-11) Mersinli, Hülya; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-9100-911XDepolama sahası yer seçimi kentsel atık yönetiminin en önemli adımlarından birisidir. Bu süreçte politik, ekonomik, sosyal ve teknolojik açıdan pek çok alt faktör farklı uzmanlık grupları tarafından ele alınmalıdır. Son yıllarda yer seçiminde analitik hiyerarşi prosesi (AHP) coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS), çok kriterli karar verme, fayda-maliyet analizi, yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi gibi pek çok yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bütün bu yöntemler karar alıcılar için en uygun potansiyel sahaların belirlenmesi için avantaj sağlasa da “mükemmel depolama sahası yeri” diye bir kavrama ulaşmak ne yazık ki mümkün değildir. Depolama sahası yer seçiminde kentteki tüm paydaşların katılımı, süreç doğru yürütülürse yerel yöneticilerin de elini güçlendirecektir. Bu çalışmada, Bursa ili için en uygun entegre katı atık tesisi yer seçimi işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bursa ölçeğinde entegre katı atık tesisi olabilecek yerler bilimsel olarak belirlenen metodolojilere (CBS Tabanlı ARCGIS Programı, ÇKKV Yöntemlerinden Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi ile Değerlendirme) göre analiz edilmiş ve toplam 31 adet yer seçim kriterleri ile konumsal veriler açısından uygun olup olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada, yönetmelikteki kriterlerin yetersiz olduğu, kriterler belirlenirken birçok faktörün göz önüne alınması gerektiği ve çok disiplinli uzman ekipler ile halkın sisteme dahil edilmesi gerektiği tespit edilmiştir.Publication Evaluation of free water removal from different sludge by solar energy utilization(Korean Soc Environmental Engineers, 2021-06-01) Amin, Zeinab; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Amin, Zeinab; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; CBN-0935-2022; AAG-9413-2021The purpose of this research was to provide basic information about the conditions required for the drying of three types of sludge to reduce the problems associated with sludge disposal. By designing an integrated drying system, as a simple technology with paraffin-wax (phase change material), the drying efficiency was investigated with few possibilities for waste sludge management. According to the study by providing 1,880 Wh/m(2), 1,671 Wh/m(2), and 2,051 Wh/m(2) cumulative solar radiation, within 7 h. respectively for wastewater treatment plant sludge (WWTPs.) and paint sludge, free water was released and marble sludge dried completely. The average internal temperature and moisture are the main factors for minimizing the sludge mass and volume and the heat transfer rout between the solar dryer equipment was observed. Water removal from the sludge caused the porous structure of the WWTPs. and paint sludge surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to statistical analysis the goodness of the curve fit was evaluated using the R-square and root mean square error (RMSE) for all three sludge types. By solar drying a large volume of sludge water was removed for easy transporting and prepared for the subsequent waste disposal operation.Publication Incorporation of solar-heated aeration and greenhouse in grass composting(Springer, 2021-01-26) Poblete, Rodrigo; Salihoğlu, Güray; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021Composting is an environment-friendly method for recycling organic waste, and incorporation of heat and aeration can enhance favorable conditions for microbial growth in the process. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of the introduction of solar heat and aeration to the waste grass exposed to the composting process. The compost piles studied were subjected to different processes: application of solar-heated aeration, only-aeration, solar heating with a greenhouse, and control. Solar-heated air was introduced to a compost pile of grass clippings and compared with a greenhouse compost system. The composting process of 70 days was monitored for temperature, oxygen, moisture, organic matter loss, and humification rate. Germination index has been used to evaluate the maturation of the composts produced. The highest temperature was obtained at the compost pile with the greenhouse. This system reached the highest temperature (68.2 degrees C) on day 15; the ambient temperature on that day was 20.6 degrees C. The decreases in the C/N ratios after day 70 of composting were 20% and 15% for the greenhouse and the system where solar-heated air was introduced, respectively. Although the temperature of the solar-heated air was higher than that of the greenhouse, thermophilic temperature levels could not be reached in the aerated compost pile, which indicated a cooling effect of excessive aeration even with the heated air. Composting of grass clippings resulted in a decrease in organic matter content and enhancement in seed germination and root growth, obtaining high GI levels, inferring no phytotoxicity. This study showed that composting of grass clippings with low C/N ratios and high humidity can still be possible by using solar energy.Item Investigation of the factors influencing the efficiency of a solar still combined with a solar collector(Desalination, 2016-06-13) Poblete, Rodrigo; Salihoğlu, Güray; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; 8551769300; 55665111200A solar still was designed for the evaporation of desalination brine. The influence of several factors, such as the basin heating, the material of the cover (glass or polycarbonate), the existence of a mirror, the activation of an air extractor, and the existence of a black painted floor in the solar still, was evaluated in terms of their contribution to brine evaporation. The experiments were conducted with a factorial design approach. The combination of the factors that produced the best results was used in a subsequent daily monitoring study for brine evaporation. The monitoring parameters were the hourly average incident radiation, the changes in the temperature, the brine mass, and the brine volume. The accumulated amounts of the solar energy were calculated, and the correlation relationship was assessed.Item Landfill leachate treatment using advanced oxidation processes(Scibulcom, 2016) Poblete, Rodrigo; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Salihoğlu, Güray; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; 55665111200; 8551769300This study aimed to establish the efficiency of ozone-based oxidation processes in the treatment of landfill leachate. Two reactors, one equipped with a UVc lamp, the other subjected to natural sunlight, were set up for experimental purposes. TiO2 was used as a catalyst in some of the experiments. Four groups of treatment routes, namely UVSUN + O-3, UNc + O-3, UVSUN + O-3 + TiO2 and UV, + O-3 + TiO2, were applied to treat the leachate by using the two reactors. After the application of each treatment route, chemical oxygen demand (COD), oxide reduction potential (ORP), pH, ozone levels and temperatures were measured. Highest COD removal efficiency of 61% was obtained with the treatment route of UVsun + O-3 + TiO2 followed by UVsun + O-3 (32% COD removal), UVc + O-3 + TiO2 (21% COD removal) and UVc + O-3 (19% COD removal). A positive correlation was found between the ORP levels and COD removal efficiency. Use of TiO2 as a catalyst, increased the COD removal efficiencies, however, did not affect the ORP levels.Publication Life cycle assessment for municipal waste management: Analysis for Bursa(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2019-01-01) Salihoğlu, Güray; Poroy, Zehra; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Poroy, Zehra; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9413-2021; AAG-9399-2021; DLX-7345-2022Solid waste management model of the city of Bursa that responds to the waste management needs of the city creates a burden on the environment, like every other activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the environmental burden arising from municipal solid waste management in Bursa and to determine the necessary steps to be taken to reduce this. Environmental burden was analyzed by using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and landfill gas impact modeling. Municipal waste management steps, namely collection and transport, transport to transfer station, landfilling, energy conversion from landfill gas, were included into the system boundaries in LCA. SimaPro 8.5.0 software was used for the LCA study, and EPA LandGem model was employed for the assessment of the impact by landfill gas. The findings of the study showed that the emissions reduced by the landfill gas to energy plant in one year is approximately 0.5 million ton CO2 equivalent, and the contribution of municipal waste, which is mainly managed by landfilling, to the global warming in one year is approximately 44 million ton CO2 equivalent. The approximate contribution of municipal waste management to smog formation was calculated as 55 million ton O-3 equivalent, the contribution to depletion of ozone layer was 647 kg CFC-11 equivalent, and to carcinogenic substance formation was 22.5 CTUh. Its inhalation impact was found as 1732 ton PM10 equivalent.Publication Optimization of the solar brine evaporation process: Introduction of a solar air heater(Wiley, 2019-05-01) Poblete, Rodrigo; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Salihoğlu, Güray; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; 0000-0002-7730-776X; 0000-0003-0714-048X; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021The purpose of this study was to investigate the evaporation process of reject brine by using a solar system. The solar system contained a solar still coupled with a solar air heater (SAH). Solar still had a heated base, which was connected to the solar collector with a copper pipe. The influence of the introduction of the SAH to the system and increased levels of air mass flowrates was investigated. Variations in temperature and solar irradiation were monitored as well as brine evaporation. Introducing the SAH and increasing the air mass flowrate resulted in faster brine evaporation, higher utilization rate of solar radiation, higher brine, and base temperature levels within the solar still compared to the system without the SAH. The mean base temperature of the system with the SAH was 43.46 +/- 11.3 degrees C, while that of the system without the SAH was 30.62 +/- 7.35 degrees C. The use of the SAH and high air mass flowrates influenced the temperature distribution within the solar still, which affected the evaporation of the brine in a positive way. Introduction of the SAH and high air mass flowrate increased the drying efficiency of the solar system at a level of 120%. (c) 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13062, 2019Item Bir orijinal ekipman üreticisinde (OEM) atıksu ve kimyasal geri kazanım sistemi geliştirme senaryolarının yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi kullanılarak karşılaştırılması(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-07-04) Deniz, Gülçin; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-9724-7717Sanayi devrimi ile başlayan teknolojik gelişmeler, artan makinelere gereken enerjiyi sağlamak adına arayışlar ile devam etmiştir. Kömürün buhar enerjisi üretimi için kullanılmaya başlanmasından, fosil yakıtların alternatif olması ile devam eden gelişmeler, günümüzde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçişin ve nükleer enerji gerekliliklerinin tartışılmasını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Dünya nüfusunun hızla yükselmesi sanayi ve teknolojinin giderek daha da artan enerji gereksinimi geri dönüşü zor olan çevresel etkileri beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu gidişin felaketle sonuçlanabileceğinin farkına varılması çevrenin korunmasını öncelikli amaçlayarak küresel iklim değişikliğinin önlenmesi için çalışmaların yapılmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, örnek bir çevresel etki analiz metodu olan Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi (YDD) bir otomotiv kaplama tesisinde kurgulanan iki farklı senaryo ile elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. SimaPro 8.5.0.0 yazılımı ve ReCiPe etki analiz metodu kullanılarak 1m2 sıkma somunu kaplanması prosesinin hangi çevresel etkileri oluşturduğu kapsamlı bir biçimde hesaplanmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonuçlarına göre elde edilen bulgular ile, Senaryo 1 646mPt sonucu ile Senaryo 2 639mPt sonucuna göre daha olumsuz çevresel etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm etki kategorilerinde Senaryo 1’in çevre üzerinde Senaryo 2’den daha yüksek etkisinin olduğu bulguları elde edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, fosfat kaplama prosesinden kaynaklanan tüm çevresel etki kategorilerinde en yüksek katkının elektrik tüketimi olduğunu göstermiştir. Tüm bu elde edilen sonuçların ışığında YDD’nin çevresel etkileri sayısallaştırmak için etkili ve faydalı bir yöntem olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Item Properties of steel foundry electric arc furnace dust solidified/stabilized with Portland cement(Academic Press-Elsevier Science, 2007-10) Salihoğlu, Güray; Pınarlı, Vedat; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Karaca, Gizem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; 8551769300; 8551769100; 55665111200; 8551769200Electric arc furnace dust from steel production is generated in considerable amounts worldwide and needs to be treated as hazardous waste. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of electric arc furnace dust solidified/stabilized by using Portland cement. Mortar and paste samples were prepared with varying waste-to-binder ratios between 0% and 90%. A comprehensive experimental program was designed including XRF characterization, setting time, unconfined compressive strength, and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) tests. The results were evaluated in order to determine if the solidified /stabilized product can be disposed of at a landfill site with domestic waste or at a segregated landfill. The effect of using sand on S/S performance was also investigated. The results indicated that the solidification /stabilization process using PC helps the heavy metals to be bound in the cement matrix, but the TCLP leaching results exceeded the EPA landfilling limits. The SPLP leaching results conformed to the limits implying that the waste or S/S products can be disposed of at a segregated landfill; however the low ANC of the S/S products reveals that there may be leaching in the long-term. The sand used in the mortar samples adversely affected the S/S performance, causing higher heavy metal leaching levels, and lower pH levels in the leachate after the TCLP extraction than those measured in the leachate of the paste samples.Publication Recycling of sewage sludge incineration ashes as construction material(Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi, 2020-01-01) Yiğit, Berna; Salihoğlu, Güray; Mardani-Aghabaglou, Ali; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Özen, Süleyman; Yiğit, Berna; SALİHOĞLU, GÜRAY; MARDANİ, ALİ; SALİHOĞLU, NEZİH KAMİL; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü; 0000-0003-0714-048X; 0000-0003-0326-5015; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; AAJ-6415-2021; C-7860-2015; EHO-7411-2022Sewage sludges that are originating from the municipal wastewater treatment plants of Bursa city have been incinerated with a fluidized bed reactor of 400 tons/day capacity since 2017. Each month, on an average, 615 tons of ash is generated as a waste of the incineration process, which needs disposal. The purpose of this study was to investigate if the sludge incinerator ash can be recycled as a construction material. Stabilization/solidification (S/S) and geopolymerization technologies were applied to the sludge ash with this aim. Portland cement, fly ash from a coal-fired power plant, and marble sludge were used as binders. S/S samples were activated with water, while geopolymer samples were activated with 8MNaOH and NaSilNaOH solutions. The prepared paste samples were air-cured for 28 days and analyzed for compressive strength and heavy metals leaching. S/S samples containing sludge ash yielded a compressive strength level of 21.8 MPa, while geopolymer samples resulted in a compressive strength level of 50.0 MPa. Higher compressive strength levels of several samples containing waste sludge ash than that of the control samples without waste were noticed. Leaching tests showed that heavy metals leaching from the samples prepared with sludge ash were much lower than the legal limit values for toxicity. Both leaching tests and compressive strength tests showed that sludge ash has the potential to be considered as a construction material.Item Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from municipal sludge using UV light(Desalination, 2012-06) Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Karaca, Gizem; Salihoğlu, Güray; Taşdemir, Yücel; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9468-2021; AAG-9413-2021; 55665111200; 8551769200; 8551769300; 6603118338This study includes research into using UV light to remove Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from municipal sludge. The effectiveness of TiO2 as a photocatalyst on this UV application was also determined. Sludge samples that were taken from an urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) were exposed to UV-C light in a specially designed setup. The total concentration of Sigma(12) PAH in the sludge, which was 1339 ng g(-1) of dry matter initially, decreased by 2-77% after 24 h of UV application. The concentrations of some PAH isomers increased after the UV application, which revealed that isomer transformations could emerge due to the effects of temperature and photodegradation. UV light was found to remove 3-ring light compounds more effectively than 4-6-ring heavy compounds. A total PAH decrease of 77% was achieved by adding an amount of TiO2 equal to 0.5% of the dry weight of the sludge although the removal rate of PAHs from the sludge decreased when the TiO2 dosage was increased. It is possible that the decreased number of titanium particles caused UV light to scatter and be absorbed in the reaction environment.Item A review on paint sludge from automotive industries: Generation, characteristics and management(Elsevier, 2016-03-15) Salihoğlu, Güray; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; AAG-9399-2021; AAG-9413-2021; 8551769300; 55665111200The automotive manufacturing process results in the consumption of several natural sources and the generation of various types of wastes. The primary source of hazardous wastes at an automotive manufacturing plant is the painting process, and the major waste fraction is paint sludge, which is classified with EU waste code of 080113* implying hazardous characteristics. The amount of the paint sludge generated increases every year with the worldwide increase in the car production. The characteristics of the paint sludge, which mainly designate the management route, are mainly determined by the type of the paint used, application technique employed, and the chemicals applied such as flocculants, detackifiers, pH boosters, antifoam agents, and biocides as well as the dewatering techniques preferred. Major routes for the disposal of the paint sludges are incineration as hazardous waste or combustion at cement kilns. Because of high dissolved organic carbon content of the paint, the paint sludge cannot be accepted by landfills according to European Union Legislations. More investigations are needed in the field of paint sludge recycling such as recycling it as a new paint or as other formulations, or making use of the sludge for the production of construction materials. Research on the applicability of the paint sludge in composting and biogasification can also be useful. Ongoing research is currently being conducted on new application techniques to increase the effectiveness of paint transfer, which helps to prevent the generation of paint sludge. Advancements in paint and coating chemistry such as the reduction in the coating layers with its thickness also help to decrease the level of paint sludge generation. Investigations on the effects of the chemicals on the recycling potential of paint sludges and consideration of these effects by the chemical manufacturer companies would be extremely important. This review presents the formation of paint sludge, the factors affecting its characteristics, common disposal routes, the findings of the field trips to automotive manufacturing plants in Turkey, and a summary of the characterization findings of the paint sludge samples from a plant in Turkey.Item Seasonal variations of polychlorinated biphenyls in surface soils and air-soil exchange in Bursa, Turkey(Springer, 2013-11) Salihoğlu, Güray; Taşdemir, Yücel; Salihoğlu, Nezih Kamil; Başkaya, Hüseyin Savaş; Aksoy, Ertuǧrul; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü.; AAG-9468-2021; AAH-2993-2021; AAG-9413-2021; AAG-9399-2021; 8551769300; 6603118338; 55665111200; 8574002200; 35749507200This study investigates the seasonality of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels in soils of Bursa city located in northwestern Turkey. Forty-three soil samples were collected each season during a 1-year period. Air and soil samples were collected concurrently 3 or 3 times in a month during a 1-year monitoring period from 2 of the 43 locations. The samples were analyzed for 83 PCB congeners. Flux levels, fugacity fraction (ff) levels, and net flux levels of PCB congeners were calculated for 2 specific regions. The influence of humic substance and total organic carbon content of soil on PCB levels was also examined. The mean concentrations of the total PCBs were 1275 +/- A 1120, 4075 +/- A 2740, 2185 +/- A 2010, and 1150 +/- A 1540 pg/g dry weight in spring, summer, autumn, and winter seasons, respectively. Four- and 5- CBs were the most abundant homologue groups in soils, and their contribution to the total was 55 %. PCB-74, followed by PCB-153, was the dominant congener. Air and soil PCB levels increased together with the soil temperature suggesting the influence of instantaneous air-soil exchange toward the equilibrium conditions. Flux and ff levels also showed a positive significant correlation with soil temperature. Flux levels were mostly positive for the 2 regions indicating volatilization from soil to air.