Browsing by Author "Alpay, Gizem"

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Bir ada ekosistemindeki sığır, koyun ve keçilerde bazı viral enfeksiyonların serolojik olarak araştırılması
(Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2014) Alpay, Gizem; Tuncer, Pelin Göktuna; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı; 0000-0002-7468-0155; 0000-0002-3411-081X; ABE-7662-2020; O-7981-2015; AAH-3917-2021; 54079452300; 54787022200; 6602912127
Bu araştırmada, konumu nedeniyle izole bir ada ekosistemi olarak seçilen Gökçeada’daki sığır, koyun ve keçi popülasyonlarında hayvan sağlığı ve sürü yönetimi açısından önemli problemler oluşturan bazı viral enfeksiyonlar serolojik olarak araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda 75 sığır, 161 koyun ve 30 keçiden alınan serum örnekleri bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza virus tip-3 (PI-3), bovine adenovirus-1 (BAV-1), bovine adenovirus-3 (BAV-3) ve mavidil virus serotip 4’e (Bluetongue virus serotip 4, BTV-4) karşı oluşan antikorlar yönünden serum nötralizasyon testiyle araştırıldı. Ayrıca sığır serumlarında bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antikorlarının varlığı ELISA yöntemiyle incelendi. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre söz konusu enfeksiyonların hayvan türleri arasında yaygınlıkları sırasıyla sığırlarda %14.6, %58.6, %26.6, %29.3, %72.0, %68.0, %46.6, koyunlarda %1.8, %0.0, %50.9, %11.8, %91.3, %75.1, %5.6 ve keçilerde %0.0, %26.6, %70.0, %3.3, %83.3, %66.6, %6.6 olarak belirlendi. Test edilen toplam 266 hayvanda araştırılan enfeksiyonlara karşı antikor varlığı ise sırasıyla %5.2, %24.3, %46.2, %15.7, %84.9, %72.1, ve %17.2 olarak saptandı. Sığır serumlarında BLV antikorları ise saptanamadı. Diğer etkenler ile karşılaştırıldığında, BAV-1 ve BAV-3 enfeksiyonlarının tüm hayvan türlerinde en yüksek seropozitifliğe sahip oldukları görülürken BLV antikorlarının tespit edilememesi araştırmanın yapıldığı ada ekosisteminin muhtemelen BLV yönünden ari olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) Türkiye izolatlarının serolojik özellikleri ve Türkiye'de kullanılan BVDV aşılarının yerel suşlara karşı oluşturduğu bağışıklık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2014-03-12) Alpay, Gizem; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı.
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) dünyada yaygın olarak görülen bir enfeksiyona neden olmaktadır. Çeşitli çalışmalarla farklı BVDV genotipleri içerisinde yer alan çok sayıda alt grup tanımlanmıştır. Ülkemizde gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda en yaygın görülen alt grubun BVDV-1l'nin olduğunu gösterülmektedir. Tez çalışmasının amaçlarından biri Türkiye'de bulunan alt grupların serolojik ilişkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla farklı BVDV-1 (BVDV -1a, -1b, -1d, -1f, -1h, -1l) alt gruplarına ait inaktif virus suşları kullanılarak immunize edilen koyunlardan poliklonal antiserumlar elde edilmiş ve çapraz nötralizasyon çalışmalarında kullanılmıştır. Bu alt grupların antiserumlarıyla elde edilen nötralizan antikor yanıtlarının geometrik ortalamaları sırasıyla 1:320, 1:285, 1:320, 1:226, 1:1280, 1:1015 olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Test edilen alt gruplar arasında değişik düzeylerde serolojik farklılıklar saptanmıştır. BVDV-1f alt grubuyla diğer alt gruplar arasında önemli antijenik farklılıkların olduğu, buna karşı BVDV-1h ve BVDV-1l alt grupları ile söz konusu diğer alt gruplar arasında yakınlık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tez çalışmasının diğer bir amacı; Türkiye'de satışa sunulan BVDV aşılarının Türkiye'de görülen BVDV suşlarına karşı geliştirdiği nötralizan antikor yanıtlarının incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla 5 sığırdan oluşan 3 deneme grubunun her birine ayrı bir aşı uygulanmış ve 15 gün aralıklarla 6 defa kan örneği toplanarak 11 adet yerel BVDV suşuna karşı nötralizan antikor düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Her üç aşının da yerel BVDV-1 suşlarının birçoğuna karşı belirgin bir nötralizan antikor yanıtı oluşturduğu (1:272 – 1:835) ancak yerel BVDV-2 suşuna karşı gelişen yanıtın düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. İlk deney düzeninde antijenik farklılığı saptanan BVDV-1f alt grubuna karşı tüm aşılarla, koruyucu olduğu öne sürülen titrelerden (1:256) daha yüksek nötralizan antikor titreleri geliştiği görülmüştür. Nötralizan antikor titreleri karşılaştırıldığında monovalan aşının multivalan aşılara kıyasla daha yüksek antikor yanıtı sağladığı belirlenmiştir.
Characterisation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates from an outbreak with haemorrhagic enteritis and severe pneumonia
(Elsevier, 2014-02-21) Förster, Christine; Thiel, Heinz Jürgen; König, Matthias; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Özyiğit, Musa Özgür; Alpay, Gizem; Tuncer, Pelin Göktuna; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi/Klinik Öncesi Bilimler Bölümü.; 0000-0002-7468-0155; 0000-0002-3411-081X; AAH-2873-2021; AAC-6294-2020; AAH-3917-2021; ABE-7662-2020; 6602912127; 6507338060; 54079452300; 54787022200
During 2007 a disease outbreak occurred in cattle in the Marmara region of western Turkey characterised by severe pneumonia and haemorrhagic enteritis in calves. Cases from three farms at different locations were examined and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolated in all cases. Phylogenetic characterisation of the virus isolates allocated them in a new cluster tentatively named as BVDV-1r.
Co-existence of bovine viral diarrhea and border disease viruses in a sheep flock suffering from abortus and diarrhea
(TÜBİTAK, 2017-04-21) Göktuna, Pelin Tuncer; Alpay, Gizem; Baldan, Öner Eda; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-7468-0155; 0000-0003-2468-3945; 0000-0002-3411-081X; O-7981-2015; ABE-9974-2020; AAH-3917-2021; ABE-7662-2020; 57196721687; 54079452300; 57196744949; 6602912127
Pestivirus infections have a huge economic impact on livestock production. In 2014, an aborted fetus from a sheep flock suffering from abortus and diarrhea was submitted for virological diagnosis. Due to the positive result of the sample for pestivirus and continuing clinical symptoms in the flock, all of the animals were sampled individually. Blood samples for serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 93 animals (5 rams, 26 lambs, and 62 sheep). During sampling 1 ocular and 4 rectal swab samples were obtained from lambs that had a clinical eye problem and diarrhea, respectively. Additionally 5 aborted fetuses were submitted after the initial sampling. Thirteen of the 93 blood samples tested positive for pestivirus by antigen-detection ELISA. Propagation of noncytopathogenic virus was detected in blood samples from 6 lambs and in 1 aborted fetus sample by using the indirect immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. Pestivirus RNA was detected in 10 of 13 samples by RT-PCR employing pan-pestivirus primers. Border disease virus (BDV) RNA was identified with PBD1/PBD2 specific primers in all 10 samples that tested positive for pan-pestivirus primers. Differentiating RT-PCR further identified BVDV-1 sequences in 3 of the 10 samples. The Sequenced BDV strain (KY-57) was located in the cluster of BDV-7 (Aydin-like) while the BVDV strain was close close to BVDV-1c. The results of this study highlight the possibility of dual infection in sheep with BDV and BVDV-1.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever infection in domestic animals in Marmara region, Western Turkey
(Ankara Üniversitesi, 2014) Dinçer, Ender; Uyar, Yavuz; Özkul, Aykut Ayaz; Tuncer, Pelin Göktuna; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Alpay, Gizem; Girişgin, Ahmet Onur; Aydın, Levent; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi/Klinik Öncesi Bilimler Bölümü.; 0000-0002-0020-2708; 0000-0002-7468-0155; 0000-0002-3411-081X; ABE-7662-2020; B-5286-2017; AAC-6294-2020; AAH-3917-2021; 54787022200; 6602912127; 54079452300; 16030783600; 55808198600
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been an important health issue in Turkey since the last decade. Although there is a well-described endemic area, the infection tends to disseminate into non-endemic areas. In the South Marmara region, a non-endemic area, serological and virological investigations were performed to evaluate the infection status in livestock animals. Among 508 blood samples collected from 5 different locations, 33.1% were positive for CCHF-neutralizing antibodies. The highest seroprevalence rate was detected in goats (66.0%), followed by sheep (31.8%) and cattle (13.0%) (p<0.0001). There were extensive differences in seroprevalence rates in neighboring locations, i.e., 7.8% in Keles and 47.6% in the Orhaneli district of Bursa province. Using antigen-capture ELISA (Ag-ELISA) and real-time reverse transcription PCR (rt RT-PCR), 6.6% of the tested animals were found to be viremic at the time of sampling. Two samples that were negative by Ag-ELISA produced a positive signal in rt RT-PCR, indicating the higher sensitivity of the latter method for detecting viremic animals. The results of this study demonstrate the wide distribution of CCHF virus in some locations in a non-endemic area, which may lead to the generation of focal infectious areas.
Mastitis olgularında virusların rolü
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009-07-09) Alpay, Gizem; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi.
Bu derlemede özellikle sığır mastitis olgularının etiyolojisinde virusların rolleri irdelenmiştir. Viruslar sığır mastitis olgularında hem hazırlayıcı hem de primer etiyolojik ajan olarak rol oynayabilirler. Bovine herpesvirus 2, vaccinia virus, sığır çiçeği virusu, yalancı sığır çiçeği virusu, vesicular stomatitis virusu, şap hastalığı virusu ve bovine papillomavirus memede lezyon oluşturarak memenin doğal savunma mekanizmasını sekteye uğratırlar. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, sığır immun yetmezlik virusu ve bovine leukemia virus enfeksiyonları ise immun yetmezliğe sebep olarak bakteriyel patojenlerin etkileriyle indirekt mastitis oluşumuna yol açabilirler. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda bovine herpesvirus 1, şap hastalığı virusu ve parainfluenza 3 viruslarının sığırlarda klinik mastitis oluşturabildiği, bovine herpes virus 4 gibi bazı virusların ise subklinik mastitise neden olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Neutralizing antibody titers against field strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus after vaccination with three commercial vaccines
(Tübitak Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2019-01-01) Alpay, Gizem; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Alpay, Gizem; YEŞİLBAĞ, KADİR; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı; 0000-0002-3411-081X; 0000-0003-1793-6879; AAH-3917-2021; ABE-7662-2020
Modified killed vaccines against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are used worldwide. In the present study, the cross-neutralization antibody responses against field strains from seven subgenotypes of BVDV-1 and one subgenotype of BVDV-2 were evaluated using sera obtained by three inactivated commercial vaccines. One vaccine contained both BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains, while the others contained only BVDV-1a. Three vaccine groups, each containing five calves, were vaccinated two times with 30-day intervals. The antibody titers were evaluated by virus neutralization assay. The monovalent vaccine induced the highest antibody titers. Significant levels of neutralizing antibody titers were maintained up to the last sampling time. Although one vaccine contained the BVDV-2 strain, the lowest antibody titers were detected against field strains from BVDV-2, BVDV-1b, and BVDV-1r. This study indicated that cross-protective immune responses with the most common international BVDV vaccine strains need to be evaluated with challenge experiments against field strains for efficient protection.
Perosomus elumbis in a Holstein calf infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2013-08-06) Karakaya, Ebru; Alpay, Gizem; Mecitoğlu, Gülnaz Yılmazbaş; Demirer, Aylin Alasonyalılar; Akgül, B.; İnan, Sevda; Özyiğit, Musa Özgür; İntaş, Deniz Seyrek; İntaş, Kamil Seyrek; Yeşi̇lbağ, Kadir; Gümen, Ahmet; Keskin, Abdülkadir; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Jinekoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Patoloji Anabilim Dalı.; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0003-4837-1858; 0000-0002-3411-081X; 0000-0003-2817-3221; 0000-0001-8138-5851; AGY-3496-2022; AAH-3917-2021; AAG-4440-2019; E-3364-2018; AAR-6478-2021; AAH-7292-2019; ABE-7662-2020; AAH-1406-2021; AAH-3831-2021; DSK-8458-2022; FAH-9715-2022; EJV-5316-2022; EKS-2415-2022; AIF-3815-2022; 36457784500; 54079452300; 36457964000; 35338868800; 56850216000; 56320836200; 6507338060; 6506990178; 6603409870; 6602912127; 6602393069; 24473229800
The detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a female Holstein calf presented with perosomus elumbis, a congenital anomaly, is reported here. A cow with dystocia was evaluated and an abnormal dead calf was detected during vaginal examination. The calf was retrieved via caesarean section and exhibited abnormalities characteristic of PE, such as vertebral and pelvic malformations. These abnormalities were further confirmed using radiographic and necropsy examinations. At necropsy cerebellar hypoplasia was an additional finding, which is a typical lesion associated with bovine virus diarrhea (BVD). Several tissue samples from the calf were tested for the presence of antigens of BVDV and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) by ELISA. In addition, sera samples from the dam and calf were tested for the presence of antibodies against BVDV, BHV-1, and bluetongue disease virus (BTV) using a virus neutralization assay. Results indicated that the calf was congenitally infected with BVDV, whereas there was no evidence for the presence of BHV-1 and BTV. In the dam's serum no antibodies against BVDV, BHV-1, and BTV were detected. Even though the etiology of perosomus elumbis is unknown, BVDV, which causes fetal anomalies at early gestation in cows, may have been a contributing factor in this case.
Persistent BVD virus infections in offspring from imported heifers
(Springer, 2019-02-01) Alpay, Gizem; Toker, Eda Baldan; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Alpay, Gizem; TOKER, EDA BALDAN; YEŞİLBAĞ, KADİR; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-3411-081X; 0000-0003-2468-3945; ABE-9974-2020; AAH-3917-2021; ABE-7662-2020
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible risk of bovine viral diarrhea virus transport from imported live animals. For this purpose, two different groups of animals were sampled in this study. Group 1 consisted of pregnant heifers; group 2 consisted of male beef cattle imported during 2011-2012 and 2015, respectively. Blood samples were tested for pestivirus antigen using a commercial BVDV antigen ELISA. All the pregnant heifers were negative, but 9 out of 412 offspring and 5 of the 332 male cattle were BVDV antigen positive. Virus isolation and also investigation by RT-PCR were carried out by using 14 ELISA-positive samples. At the end of three blind passages, eight non-cytopathogenic isolates were obtained by indirect immunoperoxidase monolayer assay, which were also RT-PCR positive using panpesti-virus primers. After discriminative RT-PCR, all the isolates that were identified as BVDV-1 and 5UTR-based analysis demonstrated the existence of BVDV-1b (n=4), BVDV-1f (n=2), BVDV-1l (n=1), and BVDV-1r (n=1) subgenotypes. There was no BVDV subgroup that is newly introduced into the country. However, detection of persistent infection in calves born from imported animals demonstrates the risk of BVDV virus introduction by imported animals into the receiving country. Viral strains from persistently infected animals were characterized as BVDV-1b, which is predominant subgroup in the country where animals are imported. These results highlight a possible problem for the areas where a BVDV control program is currently ongoing. Additionally, sequences obtained in this study also showed that there are two distinct branches identified in BVDV-1l.
Presence of bovine hepacivirus in Turkish cattle
(Elsevier, 2018-09-07) Baechlein, Christine; Becher, Paul; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Kadiroğlu, Berfin; Toker, Eda Baldan; Alpay, Gizem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0003-2468-3945; 0000-0002-3411-081X; AAH-3875-2021; ABE-7662-2020; ABE-9974-2020; AAH-3917-2021; 6602912127; 57203898812; 57203639421; 54079452300
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a worldwide distributed human pathogen, causes one of the most important viral infections in human being. HCV is the type species of the genus Hepacivirus (Flaviviridae) in which recently discovered animal viruses i.e. from horses, bats, rodents and cattle are allocated. After preliminary reports in 2015 from German and African cattle, a wide distribution of bovine hepacivirus (BovHepV, Hepacivirus N) was proposed. We investigated the possible presence of BovHepV in serum samples from cattle in different locations of Turkey. Analyzing a total of 120 samples from 98 female (dairy) and 22 male (beef) cattle by real-time RT-PCR resulted in 15 (12.5%) positives. BovHepV infection was detected in 6 out of 10 locations included in the study. There were positive samples both from eastern and western parts of the country indicating possible wide distribution in the Turkish cattle population. Phylogenetic analysis of 9 selected positive samples clearly assigned 8 sequences to a separate cluster on the basis of NS3 gene region, while one of the sequences obtained from an imported animal from north of Italy grouped with sequences obtained from cattle in Germany. The latter finding may indicate possible occurrence of this genetic group of BovHepV not only in Germany but in other European countries. Results of the present study demonstrate the presence of BovHepV infections in Turkey and in The Middle East region.
The role of herpesviruses (BoHV-1 and BoHV-4) and pestiviruses (BVDV and BDV) in ruminant abortion cases in western Turkey
(Springer, 2016-03-14) Tuncer, Pelin Göktuna; Alpay, Gizem; Öner, Eda Baldan; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-7468-0155; 0000-0002-3411-081X; 0000-0003-2468-3945; O-7981-2015; AAH-3917-2021; ABE-7662-2020; ABE-9974-2020; 54787022200; 54079452300; 57188639792; 6602912127
The economic impact of abortions in ruminant breeders is one of the biggest problems in livestock. Of the infectious agents, viruses, especially herpesviruses and pestiviruses, are the most important causative agents of abortion in ruminants. In the present study, the role of herpesviruses (bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine herpesvirus-4 (BoHV-4)) and pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), border disease virus (BDV)) was investigated in cases of ruminant abortion between 2007 and 2015 in western Turkey. Out of 81 aborted fetal samples (60 calves, 19 lambs, and 2 kids), 42 were positive, which included 31 calves, 9 lambs, and 2 goats; 39 aborted fetal samples were negative for the pestivirus antigen ELISA. BoHV-1 antigen ELISA was positive in 3 cases which included 2 calves and 1 lamb; the remainder 78 cases were negative. Pestivirus and BoHV-1 were positive in 51.85 and 3.70 %, respectively, of the samples. According to PCR analysis, BoHV-4 was not encountered in any of the tested samples. In one of the calf fetus samples, both BVDV and BoHV-1 were positive; in one of the lamb fetus samples, BoHV-1 was positive. There was a much higher level of pestivirus antigen than the other viral agents evaluated in the study (p < 0.0001). The results of this study indicate that pestiviruses are a common viral cause of ruminant abortions in the examined area.
Seroepidemiology and molecular investigation of pestiviruses among sheep and goats in Northwest Anatolia
(Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2018-05-07) Alpay, Gizem; Öner, Eda Baldan; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-3411-081X; 0000-0003-2468-3945; AAH-3917-2021; ABE-9974-2020; ABE-7662-2020; 54079452300; 57188639792; 6602912127
Pestiviruses, which are distributed worldwide, may cause losses in sheep and goat populations. The current seroprevalence and circulation of pestiviruses in small ruminants of the South Marmara Region of Turkey were investigated. A total of 607 blood samples were collected from 22 different flocks in 4 different provinces, and 24 necropsy materials were investigated. Pestivirus seroprevalence in sheep and goats was determined by virus neutralization test against the NADL strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus. The mean antibody titer was 3.5, while the overall seropositivity rate was 32.78% (199/607). Seronegativity was markedly more prevalent in goats. The mean detected antibody titer was 6.8 in sheep and 1.1 in goats. All blood samples were negative as assessed by Ag-ELISA and RTPCR. Fourteen out of 24 fetal samples were detected as antigen-positive by Ag-ELISA. The amplification was observed using pan-pesti primers in four tissue samples. All four samples were identified as border disease virus by discriminative RT-PCR. In conclusion, the moderate seroprevalence but low antibody titers detected in this study indicate that small ruminants in the South Marmara Region may be at risk of extensive new circulations of pestivirus infections.
A serologic survey of viral infections in captive ungulates in Turkish zoos
(Amer Assoc Zoo Veterinarians, 2011-03) Karakuzulu, Hatice; Yeşi̇lbağ, Kadir; Alpay, Gizem; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-3411-081X; AAH-3917-2021; ABE-7662-2020; 6602912127; 54079452300
Zoos and zoologic gardens make optimal environments for interspecies transmission of viral infections. There are seven zoos and several small zoologic collections in Turkey. This study aimed to determine the current status of viral infections in captive ungulates living in these environments. Blood samples were taken from 163 captive animals from two zoos. There were 39 Cameroon sheep (Ovis amazon f aries), 11 Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), 57 pygmy goats (Capra hircus), 9 Angora goats (Capra hircus), 21 mountain goats ((Capra aegagrus-aegagrus), 7 llamas (Lama glama), 8 Persian goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa), 7 Caspian red deer (Cervus elaphus mural), 2 fallow deer (Dama dama), and 2 camels (Camelus dromedarius). Antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine adenoviruses (BAV-1 and -3), parainfluenzavirus 3 (PI-3), and bluetongue viruses (BTV-4 and -9) were investigated using the virus neutralization test, and malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) antibodies were screened by ELISA. All animals were negative for BVDV and BHV-1 antibodies. Seroprevalence of BAV-1, BAV-3, PI-3, BRSV, BT-4, BT-9, and MCF were detected as follows: 46.6%, 60.1%, 0.6%, 7.3%, 1.8%, 1.2%, and 51.6%, respectively. Seroprevalence of BAVs and MCF were more common than all other viruses (P < 0.0001). Ten sheep (37.0%), 48 goats (84.2), and I llama (14.2%) were the only species positive for MCF antibodies. Prevalence of BRSV and MCF antibodies were found to be significantly higher in goats than in sheep. BTV antibodies were detected both in Cameroon sheep and mountain goats and suggest that zoo animals are at risk for BTV in endemic regions.
Serological relationships among subgroups in bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 (BVDV-1)
(Elsevier, 2015-01-30) Alpay, Gizem; Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-3411-081X; 0000-0003-1793-6879; AAH-3917-2021; ABE-7662-2020; 54079452300; 6602912127
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has various economic impacts associated with diarrhea, poor performance, an increase in the frequency of other infections and lethal outcomes. Both genotypes, namely BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, as well as different subgroups within these genotypes have been reported worldwide. Understanding the serological differences among the BVDV subgroups is important for disease epidemiology and prevention as well as vaccination programs. The aim of this study was to determine the serological relatedness among the subgroups in BVDV-1. For that purpose, sheep hyperimmune sera were collected against representative strains from 6 of the subgroups of BVDV-1 (BVDV-1a, -1b, -1d, -1f, -1h and -1l). The serum samples that gave the peak antibody titer to the homologous strains were used to perform cross neutralization assays. The highest homologous antibody titer (1:5160) was obtained against BVDV-1h. Regarding the cross neutralizing (heterologous) antibodies, the lowest titer (1:20) was produced by the BVDV-1f antiserum against the BVDV-1a and BVDV1-b viruses. The highest cross neutralizing titer (1:2580) achieved by the BVDV-1h antiserum was against the BVDV-1b strain. The cross neutralization results indicated particular serological differences between the recently described subgroup (BVDV-1l) and BVDV-1a/-1b, which are widely used in commercial vaccines. Considering the cross neutralization titers, it is concluded that selected BVDV-1l and BVDV-1h strains can be used for the development of diagnostic and control tools.
Bir süt sığırcılığı işletmesinde bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) virus enfeksiyonunun kontrol ve eliminasyonu
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2012-09-27) Yeşilbağ, Kadir; Alpay, Gizem; Tuncer, Pelin; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veteriner Fakültesi.
Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) sindirim, solunum ve reprodüktif sistem enfeksiyonlarına neden olması sebebiyle ekonomik önemi olan bir hastalıktır. Modern hayvancılık uygulamalarının temel hedeflerinden birisi de sürüde BVD virus enfeksiyonlarını kontrol altına almak ve elimine etmektir. Farklı yöntemler kullanılarak BVD’nin ülke çapında kontrol altına alındığı ya da eradike edildiği birçok örnek bulunmaktadır. BVD virus taşıyıcılarının (persiste enfekte hayvanlar) elimine edilmesi, aşılama, biyogüvenlik ve monitoring sistemlerinin uygulanması hastalığın kontrol ve eradikasyonunda takip edilen başlıca yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada, yeni kurulan ve BVDV enfeksiyonu saptanan süt sığırcılığı bir işletmede hastalık kontrol programının oluşturulması ve eliminasyon çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürü taramalarında ticari bir antijen ELISA yöntemi kullanılmış, pozitif olduğu belirlenen hayvanlardan virus izolasyonu yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda toplam 400 hayvandan alınan kan örnekleri test edilmiş, pozitif sonuç veren hayvanlar 21 gün arayla ikinci kez örneklenerek persiste enfeksiyon yönünden kontrol edilmiştir. Çalışma sürecinde taranan düve ve erişkin sığırlarda % 1,27 (3/236) oranında akut enfeksiyon varlığı saptanırken persiste enfeksiyon belirlenememiştir. İşletmede doğan buzağıların takibinde prekolostral veya 3 aylık yaşta alınan kan örnekleri kullanılarak %4.84 (8/164) oranında persiste enfekte buzağı doğumu belirlenmiştir. Persiste enfekte buzağıların ivedilikle sürüden ayrılması ve aşılama programının uygulanmasına bağlı olarak bir sonraki doğum döneminde sürüde persiste enfekte buzağı doğumlarının görülmediği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile persiste enfekte buzağıların takip edilerek ayıklanması ve aşılama çalışmalarının birlikte yürütülmesiyle sürü bazında BVDV eliminasyonunun başarıyla sağlanabildiği gösterilmiştir.
Tick survey and detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in tick species from a non-endemic area, South Marmara region, Turkey
(Springer, 2013-06) Dinçer, Ender; Özkul, Aykut Ayaz; Yeşi̇lbağ, Kadir; Aydın, Levent; Alpay, Gizem; Girişgin, Ahmet Onur; Göktuna, Pelin Tuncer; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi/Viroloji Anabilim Dalı.; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Veterinerlik Fakültesi/Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı.; 0000-0002-7468-0155; 0000-0002-0020-2708; 0000-0002-7468-0155; 0000-0002-3411-081X; ABE-7662-2020; AAC-6294-2020; B-5286-2017; O-7981-2015; AAH-3917-2021; 6602912127; 55808198600; 54079452300; 16030783600; 54787022200
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an increasing health concern in Turkey since 2002. There were also some recent human cases from the South Marmara region of Turkey; thus, a tick survey was performed, and possible vector tick species for the CCHF virus were determined in the region. A total of 740 adult ticks were collected from infested livestock from five locations: Canakkale-Biga, Bursa-Orhaneli, Bursa-Keles, BalA +/- kesir and Bilecik. Total of 11 tick species from the genera Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, Ixodes and Haemaphysalis were identified. Rhipicephalus ticks were dominant in the region; the most frequently observed tick species was R. turanicus, (53.1 %), and only 15.4 % of the identified ticks were H. marginatum. The occurrence of H. rufipes infestation in the region fort he first time. A total of 73 pools of adult ticks were tested with both an antigen-detecting ELISA and RT real-time PCR (RT rt PCR). The presence of the CCHF virus was demonstrated in 9 (12.3 %) of the tested tick pools. Although seven of the tick pools were positive for the CCHF virus with both of the methods, one pool was positive only with RT rt PCR and the other pool was only positive with the ELISA. Positive results were obtained from ticks collected from cattle, sheep and goats from two locations, Bursa-Orhaneli and Bilecik. The CCHF virus was detected in R. turanicus (n = 3), R. bursa (n = 2), H. marginatum (n = 2) and D. marginatus (n = 2) ticks. The results of this study confirm the presence of the CCHF virus and present preliminary data on the vector tick species in the southern Marmara region of Turkey.