Memlûk sultanlık anlayışı
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Date
2022-06-02
Authors
Levanoni, Amalia
Ötenkaya, Yusuf
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Mısır ve Suriye’deki yönetimleri sırasında (1250-1517) Memlûklar, veraset kuralları ve hükümdarın güç dayanağını içeren hususlarda sultanlığa yönelik tutumlarında bir belirsizlik gösterdiler. Bu belirsizlik, Memlûk Tarihi üzerine yapılan ilmî çalışmalarda Memlûk Devleti’nin mahiyeti hususunda çeşitli fikirlere neden olmuştur. Genellikle veraset ilkesinin Memlûk Devleti’nde farklı derecelerde benimsendiği ancak bunun Bahrî dönemi esnasında zayıf olduğu, Çerkes dönemi esnasında ise tamamen terk edildiği ima edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte Memlûklar’ın veliahtlık sistemi kurmak istedikleri ifade edilmiş ancak bunun memlûk sistemi ile çatışması neticesinde çoğu defa akamete uğradığı belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Memlûk Devleti’nde zaman zaman hanedanlık sistemi eğilimlerinin olduğuna işaret edilmekle birlikte, çoğunlukla veliahtlığın bir sistem olarak tatbik edilmediği, Memlûk sultanlarının mutlak bir hükümdardan ziyade seçkin emîrler yanında “eşitler arasında birinci” mesabesinde kaldığı vurgulanacaktır. Bu çalışmada sınırlı bir tarih aralığından ziyade, genel olarak Memlûk Devleti’nde nasıl bir sultanlık anlayışının benimsendiği tarihsel örnekler yoluyla gösterilerek genel bir çıkarım yapılmaya çalışılacaktır.
During their rule in Egypt and Syria (1250-1517), the Mamluks showed ambiguity in their attitudes towards the sultanate regarding the rules of succession and the power base of the ruler. This uncertainty has led to various ideas about the nature of the Mamluk State in scientific studies on Mamluk History. It is generally implied that the principle of succession was adopted to varying degrees in the Mamluk State, but that it was weak during the Bahri period and completely abandoned during the Circassian period. However, it was stated that the Mamluks wanted to establish an inheritance system, but it was emphasized that it often failed as a result of its conflict with the Mamluk system. In this study, although it is pointed out that there are dynastic system tendencies in the Mamluk State from time to time, it will be emphasized that the heirship was not applied as a system mostly, and that the Mamluk sultans remained in the “primus inter pares” rank alongside distinguished emirs rather than an absolute ruler. In this study, it will be tried to make a general inference by showing what kind of sultanate understanding was adopted in the Mamluk State through historical examples rather than a limited date range.
During their rule in Egypt and Syria (1250-1517), the Mamluks showed ambiguity in their attitudes towards the sultanate regarding the rules of succession and the power base of the ruler. This uncertainty has led to various ideas about the nature of the Mamluk State in scientific studies on Mamluk History. It is generally implied that the principle of succession was adopted to varying degrees in the Mamluk State, but that it was weak during the Bahri period and completely abandoned during the Circassian period. However, it was stated that the Mamluks wanted to establish an inheritance system, but it was emphasized that it often failed as a result of its conflict with the Mamluk system. In this study, although it is pointed out that there are dynastic system tendencies in the Mamluk State from time to time, it will be emphasized that the heirship was not applied as a system mostly, and that the Mamluk sultans remained in the “primus inter pares” rank alongside distinguished emirs rather than an absolute ruler. In this study, it will be tried to make a general inference by showing what kind of sultanate understanding was adopted in the Mamluk State through historical examples rather than a limited date range.
Description
Bu çalışma, Amalia Levanoni tarafından kaleme alınan “The Mamluk Conception of the Sultanate” başlıklı makalenin (International Journal of Middle East Studies 26/3 (1994), 373-392) tercüme edilmiş hâlidir.
Keywords
Memlûklar, Sultanlık, Veliahtlık, Otokrasi, Oligarşi, Mamluks, Sultanate, Inheritance, Autocracy, Oligarchy
Citation
Levanoni, A. (2022). "Memlûk sultanlık anlayışı". çev. Yusuf Ötenkaya. Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 345-373.