Dışa kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin Bursa'daki örnekler kapsamında değerlendirilmesi
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Date
2006
Authors
Tümer, Özge
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Barınma kültürü, toplumsal yapıda meydana gelen fiziksel, sosyal, ekonomik ve politik değişimlerle bir gelişim ve dönüşüm süreci geçirmiştir. Tarih boyunca konut ve konut alanlarında yaşanan değişim 18. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında meydana gelen Endüstri Devrimi’yle bir kırılma göstermiştir. Kentlerin endüstrileşmesiyle birlikte banliyöleşme eğilimleri başlamış, banliyöleşme eğilimlerinin bir parçası olarak da dışa kapalı konut yerleşmeleri 1950’lerde ortaya çıkmıştır. Dışa kapalı konut yerleşmeleri incelenirken, bu kavramın oluşumunda büyük rolü olan Amerika’daki örnekler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Fakat Orta Avrupa ya da Asya’daki kentlerde İlk Çağ ve Orta Çağ’dan kalma kapı ve duvar kalıntıları bu olayın yeni olmadığına dair kanıtlardır. Bu çalışmada, dışa kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin Bursa’daki örnekler kapsamında değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Tezin giriş bölümünde çalışmanın amacı, kapsamı ve yöntemi açıklandıktan sonra, tezin ikinci bölümünde konut ve dışa kapalı konut yerleşmeleri kavramının tanımlanması yapılmış, üçüncü bölümünde ise dışa kapalı konut kavramının genel olarak gelişimi incelenmiştir. Bir kentte ya da yerleşmede oluşan toplumsal ayrımlar sosyo-ekonomik durum, kültürel ya da coğrafi köken ve din gibi nedenlerle oluşurken, günümüzdeki dışa kapalı konut yerleşmeleri gelişimleri, yapıları ve organizasyonlarıyla önceki örneklerden farklılaşmaktadır. Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde dışa kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin oluşumuna etki eden faktörler araştırılmış, fiziksel faktörlerin yanı sıra sosyal, ekonomik ve politik faktörlerin de etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Cevaplandırılması gereken temel soru neden dışa kapalı konut yerleşmelerinde yaşamak istendiğidir. Bu soruyla birlikte Bursa’daki alan çalışması tezin beşinci bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Bunun için, öncelikle Bursa’nın tarihsel gelişimi içinde konutun değişimi ve 1980 sonrasında gelişen konut alanları araştırılarak Bursa’daki dışa kapalı konut yerleşmeleri sınıflandırılmış, her bir kategoriye ilişkin örnek yerleşmeler seçilerek incelenmiştir. Dışa kapalı müstakil konut yerleşmelerinin oluşumuna etki eden faktörlerin Bursa’daki örnekler kapsamında değerlendirilebilmesi için çalışma alanlarının seçim kriterleri belirtilmiş, daha sonra Akkent, Akman-1, Burçin Bursa Köşkleri, Çağrışan Sitesi ve Meşeliköy yerleşmelerinde yapılan anket çalışmasının sonuçları oluşuma etki eden fiziksel, sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik faktörlere ve demografik özelliklere ilişkin bulgular halinde ortaya konmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları ve öneriler bölümünde ise, yapılan inceleme çalışmasıyla birlikte, anket çalışmasının sonuçlarını oluşturan dışa kapalı müstakil konut yerleşmelerinin oluşumuna etki eden faktörlere ilişkin bulgular değerlendirilerek öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
The process of dwelling is a culture which is transformed and developed by physical, social, economic and political factors. Houses and housing areas have been shaped according to these factors in history, with radical changes seen after the Industrial Revolution in the second half 18th century. As cities became industrialized, new alternatives for housing areas were developed, and suburbs became popular especially for upper income groups, leading into gated communities in the1950s. Since the phenomenon of “gated communities” has developed in the United States, generally examples from United States are taken into consideration. However, cities in Central Europe contain the remains of walls and gates from the Middle Ages, or even antiquity; and settlements resembling gated communities can also be seen in some parts of Asia. In this study, gated communities were evaluated with the examples in Bursa. After explaining the aim, content and method of the study in the introduction part of the thesis, in the second part the meaning of house and the gated community phenomenon were defined and, in the third part of the thesis, the development of gated communities in the world were examined in a general context through literature survey. It was pointed out that the reasons for segregation within a city or a settlement have usually been socio-economic status, cultural or geographical origin, religion etc., but that the development, structure and organization of contemporary gated communities bear important differences from their antecedents. In the fourth part of the study, the factors which generate gated communities were investigated and it’s determined that with the physical factors, socio-cultural, economic and political factors are also effective. The basic question to be answered is, why people choose to live in gated communities. With this question in mind, the case study which is undertaken in Bursa, formed the fifth part of the thesis. First, housing process in historical development of Bursa and housing areas which were developed after 1980s were investigated, gated communities in Bursa were classificated and the examples which were chosen were analyzed. For evaluating the factors which generate gated communities in the scope of examples in Bursa first, the choosing criterions of case study areas were determined then, the findings concerning with physical, socio-cultural, economical factors and demographical features were exposed according to the questionnaires which were applied in Akkent, Akman-1, Burçin Bursa Köşkleri, Çağrışan Sitesi and Meşeliköy. In the conclusion and recommendations part of the thesis, the analysis of examples of gated communities in Bursa and the findings about questionnaires were evaluated and proposals were developed for housing areas.
The process of dwelling is a culture which is transformed and developed by physical, social, economic and political factors. Houses and housing areas have been shaped according to these factors in history, with radical changes seen after the Industrial Revolution in the second half 18th century. As cities became industrialized, new alternatives for housing areas were developed, and suburbs became popular especially for upper income groups, leading into gated communities in the1950s. Since the phenomenon of “gated communities” has developed in the United States, generally examples from United States are taken into consideration. However, cities in Central Europe contain the remains of walls and gates from the Middle Ages, or even antiquity; and settlements resembling gated communities can also be seen in some parts of Asia. In this study, gated communities were evaluated with the examples in Bursa. After explaining the aim, content and method of the study in the introduction part of the thesis, in the second part the meaning of house and the gated community phenomenon were defined and, in the third part of the thesis, the development of gated communities in the world were examined in a general context through literature survey. It was pointed out that the reasons for segregation within a city or a settlement have usually been socio-economic status, cultural or geographical origin, religion etc., but that the development, structure and organization of contemporary gated communities bear important differences from their antecedents. In the fourth part of the study, the factors which generate gated communities were investigated and it’s determined that with the physical factors, socio-cultural, economic and political factors are also effective. The basic question to be answered is, why people choose to live in gated communities. With this question in mind, the case study which is undertaken in Bursa, formed the fifth part of the thesis. First, housing process in historical development of Bursa and housing areas which were developed after 1980s were investigated, gated communities in Bursa were classificated and the examples which were chosen were analyzed. For evaluating the factors which generate gated communities in the scope of examples in Bursa first, the choosing criterions of case study areas were determined then, the findings concerning with physical, socio-cultural, economical factors and demographical features were exposed according to the questionnaires which were applied in Akkent, Akman-1, Burçin Bursa Köşkleri, Çağrışan Sitesi and Meşeliköy. In the conclusion and recommendations part of the thesis, the analysis of examples of gated communities in Bursa and the findings about questionnaires were evaluated and proposals were developed for housing areas.
Description
Keywords
Kontrol, Kapalılık, Kentsel ayrım, Bursa, Kapı, Control, Enclosure, Segregation, Gate
Citation
Tümer, Ö. (2006). Dışa kapalı konut yerleşmelerinin Bursa'daki örnekler kapsamında değerlendirilmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.