Orobanş'a (Orobanche cumana Wall.) dayanıklı melez ayçiçeği populasyonlarında biyometrik-genetik analizler
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Date
2017-01-20
Authors
Güzelce, Yusuf
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Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu araştırma, farklı kaynaklardan sağlanan Orobanş'a dayanıklı yağlık melez ayçiçeği populasyonlarının agronomik ve kalite özellikleri üzerinde çeşitli biyometrik ve genetik analizler yapılarak üstün ebeveynleri belirlemek amacıyla 2014 ve 2015 yılında Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarımsal Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi deneme tarlalarında yürütülmüştür. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi tarafından geliştirilen F2 kademesindeki Orobanş'a (Orobanche cumana Wall.) dayanıklı 5 farklı populasyon çalışmada genetik materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada (1) Orobanş'a dayanıklı dallı fertil (restorer) baba hat geliştirme ve (2) Orobanş'a dayanıklı sitoplazmik erkek kısır ana ebeveyni oluşturacak sürdürücü (normal sitoplazmalı) hatların oluşturulması amaçlarına yönelik olarak iki farklı çalışma yürütülmüştür. Birinci amaca yönelik olarak, araştırmanın 2014 yılında farklı F2 populasyonlarından seçilen Orobanş'a dayanıklı genotipler arasında yapılan melezlemeler sonucu 12 adet dallı (restorer) F1 melez dölleri elde edilmiştir. 2015 yılında, 12 F1 melez dölü ebeveyn genotipleri ile birlikte 3 tekerrürlü Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Desenine uygun olarak kurulan denemede incelenen özellikler bakımından biyometrik-genetik analizler için değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci amaca yönelik olarak, 2014 yılında farklı F2 populasyonlarından seçilen Orobanş'a dayanıklı dalsız fertil (restorer) genotipleri ile iki normal sitoplazmalı açık döllenmeli çeşit (Vniimk 8931 ve Zelenka) arasında yapılan melezlemeler sonucu 9 adet tek tablalı normal sitoplazmalı F1 melez dölleri (sürdürücü genotip) elde edilmiştir. 2015 yılında, 9 F1 melez dölü 3 tekerrürlü olarak Tesadüf Blokları Deneme deseninde test edilerek gözlenen özellikler bakımından biyometrik-genetik analizler için değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları RHA-B1, RHA-D3, RHA-B3, RHA-B5, RHA-B8, RHA(Ds)-B10 ve RHA(Ds)-B13 Orobanş'a dayanıklı dallı ve dalsız (Ds) (restorer) ebeveyn genotiplerin verim ve kalite özellikleri yönünden pozitif yönde yüksek genel uyum (G.U.Y.) yeteneğine sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Öte yandan RHA-A2, RHA-B2, RHA-D4, RHA-B4, RHA-B7, RHA(Ds)-B11 ve RHA(Ds)-E2 (restorer) ebeveyn genotiplerinin gözlenen özellikler bakımından yüksek ve önemli genel uyum yeteneğine sahip olmadığı fakat Orobanş'a dayanıklı olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlerleyen yıllarda, Orobanş'a dayanıklı (restorer) ebeveyn genotiplerin açılma generasyonlarından verim ve kalite özellikleri bakımından üstün olan genotipler seçilecektir. Ayrıca Orobanş'a genetik dayanıklı bu genotipler yeni melez kombinasyonları oluşturmada ebeveyn olarak kullanılacaktır. Araştırmalarda RHA-A2 x RHA-B1, RHA-B2 x RHA-D3, RHA-B4 x RHA-D5, RHA-B5 x RHA-D6, RHA-D8 x RHA-B8, V2 x RHA(Ds)-B10 ve V3 x RHA(Ds)-B13 melez kombinasyonları Orobanş'a dayanıklı olup, pozitif yönde yüksek melez gücü veya yüksek özel uyum yeteneği (Ö.U.Y.) göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, RHA-B3 x RHA-D4, RHA-C1 x RHA-B7 ve V6 x RHA(Ds)-E2 melez kombinasyonlarının verim ve kalite özellikleri bakımından yüksek melez gücü veya özel uyum yeteneği göstermediği fakat bunların Orobanş'a dayanıklı oldukları belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, daha sonraki yıllarda, Orobanş'a dayanıklı olan melez kombinasyonların açılma generasyonlarından verim ve kalite özellikleri bakımından üstün olan dallı (restorer) baba genotipler ve normal sitoplazmalı sürdürücü hatlar seçilecektir. Bu melez kombinasyonlar verim ve kalite özellikleri bakımından geniş bir varyabiliteye sahiptir. Bu geniş varyabiliteden ilerleyen seleksiyon generasyonları boyunca yararlanılacaktır.
The aim of this study was to identify superior parental lines resistant to Orobanche by various biometric and genetic analysis on the agronomical and quality characteristics of oilseed sunflower hybrid populations from different sources. This research was carried out during 2014 and 2015 years in experimental field of Agricultural Research and Application Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludağ University. The five F2 populations resistant to Orobanche (Orobanche cumana Wall.) developed by Faculty of Agriculture, Uludağ University were used as genetic materials in the study. Two different researches were conducted for two different purposes as follows: (1) Developing branched fertile (restorer) male lines resistant to Orobanche and (2) Developing maintainer lines (with normal cytoplasm) to create female parents (Cytoplasmic male sterile) resistant to Orobanche. For first purpose, in 2014 year, 12 branched (restorer) F1 hybrids were obtained by crossing between genotypes resistant to Orobanche selected from different F2 populations resistant to Orobanche. In 2015 year, 12 F1 hybrids and their parent genotypes were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Experimental Design with 3 replications examined for biometric-genetic analysis with respect to the observed traits. For the second purpose, in 2014 year, 9 unbranched (monocephalic) F1 hybrids with normal cytoplasm (maintainer) were established by crossing between unbranched fertile (restorer) genotypes resistant to Orobanche selected from different F2 populations and two open-pollinated varieties (Vniimk 8931 and Zelenka with normal cytoplasm). In 2015, 9 F1 hybrids were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Experimental Design with 3 replications examined for biometric-genetic analysis with respect to the observed traits. The results indicated that branched (restorer) male genotypes resistant to Orobanche; RHA-B1, RHA-D3, RHA-B3, RHA-B5, RHA-B8, RHA(Ds)-B10 and RHA(Ds)-B13 had positive and significant GCA effects in the yield and quality traits. On the other hand, it was found that branched and unbranced (Ds) (restorer) genotypes; RHA-A2, RHA-B2, RHA-D4, RHA-B4, RHA-B7, RHA(Ds)-B11 and RHA(Ds)-E2 did not have high and significant GCA effects in observed traits but they were resistant to Orobanche parasite. In the following years, among the genetic divergence generations of the branched (restorer) male genotypes resistant to Orobanche, superior genotypes in terms of the yield and quality traits will be selected. In addition, these genotypes resistant to Orobanche will be used as the parents to create the new hybrid combinations. In the research, hybrid combinations; RHA-A2 x RHA-B1, RHA-B2 x RHA-D3, RHA-B4 x RHA-D5, RHA-B5 x RHA-D6 and RHA-D8 x RHA-B8, V2 x RHA(Ds)-B10 and V3 x RHA(Ds)-B13 were resistant to Orobanche parasite and showed positively significant hybrid vigour and positively significant SCA effects in terms of yield and quality traits. On the other hand, it was revealed that hybrid combinations; RHA-B3 x RHA-D4, RHA-C1 x RHA-B7 and V6 x RHA(Ds)-E2 did not show positively significant hybrid vigor and positively significant SCA effects in terms of yield and quality traits but they were resistant to Orobanche. As a result, in later years, superior branched (restorer) male genotypes and maintainer lines (with normal cytoplasm) in terms of the yield and quality traits will be selected from genetic divergence generations of hybrid combinations resistant to Orobanche. These hybrids have a broad variability in the yield and quality traits. This broad variability will be benefited throughout the future selection generations
The aim of this study was to identify superior parental lines resistant to Orobanche by various biometric and genetic analysis on the agronomical and quality characteristics of oilseed sunflower hybrid populations from different sources. This research was carried out during 2014 and 2015 years in experimental field of Agricultural Research and Application Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Uludağ University. The five F2 populations resistant to Orobanche (Orobanche cumana Wall.) developed by Faculty of Agriculture, Uludağ University were used as genetic materials in the study. Two different researches were conducted for two different purposes as follows: (1) Developing branched fertile (restorer) male lines resistant to Orobanche and (2) Developing maintainer lines (with normal cytoplasm) to create female parents (Cytoplasmic male sterile) resistant to Orobanche. For first purpose, in 2014 year, 12 branched (restorer) F1 hybrids were obtained by crossing between genotypes resistant to Orobanche selected from different F2 populations resistant to Orobanche. In 2015 year, 12 F1 hybrids and their parent genotypes were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Experimental Design with 3 replications examined for biometric-genetic analysis with respect to the observed traits. For the second purpose, in 2014 year, 9 unbranched (monocephalic) F1 hybrids with normal cytoplasm (maintainer) were established by crossing between unbranched fertile (restorer) genotypes resistant to Orobanche selected from different F2 populations and two open-pollinated varieties (Vniimk 8931 and Zelenka with normal cytoplasm). In 2015, 9 F1 hybrids were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Experimental Design with 3 replications examined for biometric-genetic analysis with respect to the observed traits. The results indicated that branched (restorer) male genotypes resistant to Orobanche; RHA-B1, RHA-D3, RHA-B3, RHA-B5, RHA-B8, RHA(Ds)-B10 and RHA(Ds)-B13 had positive and significant GCA effects in the yield and quality traits. On the other hand, it was found that branched and unbranced (Ds) (restorer) genotypes; RHA-A2, RHA-B2, RHA-D4, RHA-B4, RHA-B7, RHA(Ds)-B11 and RHA(Ds)-E2 did not have high and significant GCA effects in observed traits but they were resistant to Orobanche parasite. In the following years, among the genetic divergence generations of the branched (restorer) male genotypes resistant to Orobanche, superior genotypes in terms of the yield and quality traits will be selected. In addition, these genotypes resistant to Orobanche will be used as the parents to create the new hybrid combinations. In the research, hybrid combinations; RHA-A2 x RHA-B1, RHA-B2 x RHA-D3, RHA-B4 x RHA-D5, RHA-B5 x RHA-D6 and RHA-D8 x RHA-B8, V2 x RHA(Ds)-B10 and V3 x RHA(Ds)-B13 were resistant to Orobanche parasite and showed positively significant hybrid vigour and positively significant SCA effects in terms of yield and quality traits. On the other hand, it was revealed that hybrid combinations; RHA-B3 x RHA-D4, RHA-C1 x RHA-B7 and V6 x RHA(Ds)-E2 did not show positively significant hybrid vigor and positively significant SCA effects in terms of yield and quality traits but they were resistant to Orobanche. As a result, in later years, superior branched (restorer) male genotypes and maintainer lines (with normal cytoplasm) in terms of the yield and quality traits will be selected from genetic divergence generations of hybrid combinations resistant to Orobanche. These hybrids have a broad variability in the yield and quality traits. This broad variability will be benefited throughout the future selection generations
Description
Keywords
Ayçiçeği, Helianthus annuus L., Orobanş, Heterosis, Heterobeltiosis, Kombinasyon yeteneği, Verim ve kalite, Sunflower, Broomrape, Combining ability, Yield and quality
Citation
Güzelce, Y. (2017). Orobanş'a (Orobanche cumana Wall.) dayanıklı melez ayçiçeği populasyonlarında biyometrik-genetik analizler. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.