Zihinsel engelliler için özel eğitim yapılarının mimari açıdan incelenmesi: Bursa ili alan çalışması
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Date
2019-12-17
Authors
Balçık, Belçin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Ülkemizde tüm bireylerin eğitim alma hakkı eşit olmasına rağmen engelli bireyler, engelsiz bireylere kıyasla eğitim yapısına ulaşım ve kullanımında sorunlarla karşılaşmaktadır. Engelli kullanıcıların ihtiyaçlarına göre tasarlanmamış veya standartlara uygun dönüştürülmemesi başlıca nedenlerdendir. Eğitim ve engelliler ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar günümüzde güncellenerek çalışılsa da, özel eğitim alanındaki projelerin tasarım aşamasında çeşitli bilinmezlikler ve güçlükler ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Ülkemiz koşullarını yansıtan mimari ağırlıklı bir kaynağın eksikliği duyulmaktadır. Bu konudaki açığı bir ölçüde de olsa ortadan kaldırabilmek amacı araştırma konusunun seçiminde önemli bir etken olmuştur. Günümüzde her alanda olduğu gibi mimarlık alanında da fiziksel problemlerden daha çok sosyal problemlerin çözümü önem taşımaktadır. Çünkü fiziksel sorunların çözümü, sosyal nitelikli sorunların çözümüne bağlı olmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bu iki alan birbirleri ile etkileşim içindedir. Bir alanda yapılacak bir hata diğer alanı da olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacını; “ülkemiz koşulları için çözümlenmesi gereken ve sosyo-psikolojik problemleri oldukça fazla olan bir alanda mimari açıdan uygun çözümlere ulaşmaya çalışmak” olarak belirlemek mümkündür. Araştırmanın kapsamını da “zihinsel engelli bireylerin eğitim yapılarının tasarımında; özel eğitim yapılarının niteliklerine, özel eğitim programlarına ve zihinsel engelli çocukların eğitimine uygun, ülkemiz koşullarına yönelik önerilere ulaşmaya çalışmak” olarak özetlemek mümkündür. Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak sunulan bu çalışmada; özel eğitim kavramı araştırılmış, özel eğitime ihtiyaç çocuklar grubu ile bu kapsamda yer alan “Zihinsel Engelli Çocuklar” tanınmaya çalışılmış; eğitimleri ve eğitim kurumlan ile mimari alanda yapılan proje ve uygulamalar incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiş, sonuç olarak ülkemiz koşulları için bir planlama modelinin önerisi yapılmasında altlık oluşturulması için eğitilebilir ve öğretilebilir zihinsel engellilerin eğitimi kapsamında özel eğitim meslek okulları ve iş uygulama merkezleri eğitim yapılarında “zihinsel engelliler için özel eğitim yapılarının mimari açıdan incelenmesi” yapılmıştır.
Although the right of all individuals to receive education is equal in our country, disabled individuals face problems in accessing and using the educational structure compared to individuals without disabilities. The main reason is that educational structures are not designed to meet the needs of disabled users or that the existing structure is not transformed into appropriate standards. Although the studies on education and the disabled are updated and updated, various obscurities and difficulties are encountered in the design stage of these projects in the field of special education. It is heard that there is a lack of an architectural resource that reflects the conditions of our country. The aim of eliminating the deficit in this subject to a certain extent has been an important factor in the selection of the research subject. Today, as in all other fields, the solution of social problems is more important than physical problems in architecture. Because the solution of physical problems depends on the solution of social problems. At the same time, these two areas interact with each other. An error in one area affects the other area negatively. The purpose of this research; It is possible to define the project as trying to reach architecturally appropriate solutions in an area which needs to be solved for the conditions of our country and which has a lot of socio-psychological problems ”, The scope of the study was as follows: in the design of educational structures of individuals with intellectual disabilities; to try to reach the suggestions of the conditions of our country in accordance with the qualifications of these special education structures, special education programs and the education of children with intelleetual disabilities ”, In this study presented as a Master Thesis; The concept of special education has been researched and the group of children in need of special education has been tried to be recognized with Mentally Handicapped Children; training and educational institutions and architectural projects and applications were examined. The data obtained were evaluated and, as a result, architectural examination of special education structures for mentally disabled was made in special education vocational schools and job application centers education structures within the scope of education of educable and teachable mentally disabled in order to form a basis for making a planning model for the conditions of our country.
Although the right of all individuals to receive education is equal in our country, disabled individuals face problems in accessing and using the educational structure compared to individuals without disabilities. The main reason is that educational structures are not designed to meet the needs of disabled users or that the existing structure is not transformed into appropriate standards. Although the studies on education and the disabled are updated and updated, various obscurities and difficulties are encountered in the design stage of these projects in the field of special education. It is heard that there is a lack of an architectural resource that reflects the conditions of our country. The aim of eliminating the deficit in this subject to a certain extent has been an important factor in the selection of the research subject. Today, as in all other fields, the solution of social problems is more important than physical problems in architecture. Because the solution of physical problems depends on the solution of social problems. At the same time, these two areas interact with each other. An error in one area affects the other area negatively. The purpose of this research; It is possible to define the project as trying to reach architecturally appropriate solutions in an area which needs to be solved for the conditions of our country and which has a lot of socio-psychological problems ”, The scope of the study was as follows: in the design of educational structures of individuals with intellectual disabilities; to try to reach the suggestions of the conditions of our country in accordance with the qualifications of these special education structures, special education programs and the education of children with intelleetual disabilities ”, In this study presented as a Master Thesis; The concept of special education has been researched and the group of children in need of special education has been tried to be recognized with Mentally Handicapped Children; training and educational institutions and architectural projects and applications were examined. The data obtained were evaluated and, as a result, architectural examination of special education structures for mentally disabled was made in special education vocational schools and job application centers education structures within the scope of education of educable and teachable mentally disabled in order to form a basis for making a planning model for the conditions of our country.
Description
Keywords
Bursa özel eğitim yapıları, Architectural arrangements, Eğitim yapıları, Bursa special education school, Engellilik, Evrensel tasarım, Mimari düzenlemeler, Özel eğitim, Özel eğitim yapıları, Zihinsel engelli, Disability, Educational buildings, Mental disability, Special education, Special education school, Universal design
Citation
Balçık, B. (2019). Zihinsel engelliler için özel eğitim yapılarının mimari açıdan incelenmesi: Bursa ili alan çalışması. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.