Mahalle kimliği kavramının kentsel dönüşüm proje yarışmaları üzerinden değerlendirilmesi
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Date
2019-09-03
Authors
Tuğcu, Pınar
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Küreselleşmenin etkileri, gelişen teknolojiye ayak uydurulması ile birlikte getirilen hızlı ve ekonomik çözümler hem insan yaşamında hem de kentsel mekânlarda tek tipleşmeyi beraberinde getirmekte ve bunun sonucunda yerel kimlik özelliklerinin sürdürülebilirliğini etkilemektedir. Bu durum dünyada da yerelliğin ön plana alındığı ve sürdürülmesinin önem kazandığı çalışmaların gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ülkemizde de kapalı konut siteleri, alışveriş merkezleri gibi yeni mekânsal kurgular ile birlikte geleneksel yaşam biçimlerinden ve toplumsallıktan uzaklaşılarak bireysel odaklı yaşama dönüldüğü, komşuluk ilişkilerinin neredeyse yok olduğu ve mahalle kavramının eski anlamından koparak belirli bir yerleşim sınırını tanımlamada kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Kentlerdeki problemli alanlar için çözüm önerileri getiren kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları son dönemde ülkemizde hız kazanmıştır. Ancak yapılan uygulamaların sonuçları hak kaybı, katılım eksikliği, kentsel üst ölçeği dikkate almayan parçacı uygulamalar, kimlik sorunu gibi konularda eleştirildiğinden bu konuların üzerinde çalışılması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır. Kimlik sorunu da kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında daha detaylı olarak ele alınması gereken konulardan biri olup son dönemde mahalle ölçeğinde gerçekleştirilen kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında yerel kimliğin sürdürülmesine yönelik birtakım arayışlar başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda mahalle ölçeğinde yapılacak olan kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında alanın yerel kimlik özelliklerinin belirlenerek tasarıma yansıtılmasına yardımcı olacak bir rehber geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında mahalle kimliğinin sürdürülmesine yönelik bir rehber oluşturulabilmesi için öncelikle mahalle kimliğinin anlaşılmasını sağlayacak bileşenleri belirlemek ve bu bileşenlerin kamu eliyle düzenlenen mahalle ölçekli kentsel dönüşüm yarışmalarında ödül alan projelerde hangi ölçüde dikkate alındıklarını tartışmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında mahalle kimliğinin anlaşılmasını sağlayacak bileşenler literatür analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra belirlenen mahalle kimliği bileşenleri ve “Bütünleşik Kentsel Gelişme Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı (KENTGES)”, “Şehircilik Şûrası” ve “Kentsel Dönüşüm Uygulamalarında Planlama İlke ve Kriterlerinin Geliştirilmesi Projesi” çalışmalarının sonuçlarından faydalanılarak hedef, gösterge ve yöntemlerden oluşan bir rehber oluşturulmuştur. Alan çalışması kapsamında Türkiye’nin yedi farklı bölgesinde farklı tasarımcılar tarafından çalışma yapıldığı TOKİ-Emlak Konut GYO A.Ş. tarafından düzenlenen “7 İklim 7 Bölge: Mahalle Ulusal Mimari ve Kentsel Tasarım Fikir Yarışması” ve İller Bankası A.Ş. tarafından düzenlenen “Mahalle Tasarımı Fikir Yarışması” sonucunda ödül alan kırk üç projedeki mahalle kurgusu yaklaşımları oluşturulan rehberdeki hedefler doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiştir.
The effects of globalization and the rapid and economic solutions brought with the adaptation of developing technology bring uniformity both in human life and in urban spaces and as a result it affects the sustainability of local identity characteristics. This situation reveals the necessity of the studies in which locality is taken into prominence and sustained in the world. In our country it is seen that, with the new spatial constructions such as closed housing estates and shopping malls, society moved away from traditional life styles and sociality and turned into an individual oriented life, the neighborhood relations are almost disappear and the concept of neighborhood is used to define a certain settlement boundary by breaking away from its old meaning. Urban transformation practices which provide solutions for problematic areas in cities, have accelerated in our country recently. However, as the results of these practices were criticized on issues such as loss of rights, lack of participation, fragmentary practices that do not take into account the urban upper scale and identity problem, it is understood that these issues should be studied. Identity problem is one of the issues that should be dealt with in more detail in urban regeneration practices, and a number of searches have been started to sustainment of local identity in the neighborhood scale urban regeneration practices. In this context, it is necessary to develop a guideline which helps to identify the local identity characteristics of the area and reflect it to the design in urban regeneration practices in the neighborhood scale. The aim of this study is to create a guideline for the sustainment of neighborhood identity through determining the components that will enable the comprehension of neighborhood identity by discussing the extent to which these componets are taken into consideration within award-winning projects in neighborhood scale urban regeneration competitions that are sponsored by the public. Within the scope of the study the components that provides understanding of neighborhood identity were specified by literature analysis. Upon this, a guideline consisting of targets, indicators and methods was improved by determined neighborhood identity components and taking the advantage of the results of “Integrated Urban Development Strategy and Action Plan (KENTGES)”, “City Planning Council” and “Project to Development of Planning Principles and Criteria in the Urban Regeneration Practices”. Within the scope of field study, neighborhood approaches of the forty-three projects that were awarded as a results of the “7 Climate 7 Region: Neighborhood National Architectural and Urban Design Idea Competition” organized by TOKIEMLAK GYO A.Ş. and “Neighborhood Design Idea Competition” organized by Iller Bankası A.Ş. which were studied by different designers in seven regions of Turkey evaluated with the targets in the guideline.
The effects of globalization and the rapid and economic solutions brought with the adaptation of developing technology bring uniformity both in human life and in urban spaces and as a result it affects the sustainability of local identity characteristics. This situation reveals the necessity of the studies in which locality is taken into prominence and sustained in the world. In our country it is seen that, with the new spatial constructions such as closed housing estates and shopping malls, society moved away from traditional life styles and sociality and turned into an individual oriented life, the neighborhood relations are almost disappear and the concept of neighborhood is used to define a certain settlement boundary by breaking away from its old meaning. Urban transformation practices which provide solutions for problematic areas in cities, have accelerated in our country recently. However, as the results of these practices were criticized on issues such as loss of rights, lack of participation, fragmentary practices that do not take into account the urban upper scale and identity problem, it is understood that these issues should be studied. Identity problem is one of the issues that should be dealt with in more detail in urban regeneration practices, and a number of searches have been started to sustainment of local identity in the neighborhood scale urban regeneration practices. In this context, it is necessary to develop a guideline which helps to identify the local identity characteristics of the area and reflect it to the design in urban regeneration practices in the neighborhood scale. The aim of this study is to create a guideline for the sustainment of neighborhood identity through determining the components that will enable the comprehension of neighborhood identity by discussing the extent to which these componets are taken into consideration within award-winning projects in neighborhood scale urban regeneration competitions that are sponsored by the public. Within the scope of the study the components that provides understanding of neighborhood identity were specified by literature analysis. Upon this, a guideline consisting of targets, indicators and methods was improved by determined neighborhood identity components and taking the advantage of the results of “Integrated Urban Development Strategy and Action Plan (KENTGES)”, “City Planning Council” and “Project to Development of Planning Principles and Criteria in the Urban Regeneration Practices”. Within the scope of field study, neighborhood approaches of the forty-three projects that were awarded as a results of the “7 Climate 7 Region: Neighborhood National Architectural and Urban Design Idea Competition” organized by TOKIEMLAK GYO A.Ş. and “Neighborhood Design Idea Competition” organized by Iller Bankası A.Ş. which were studied by different designers in seven regions of Turkey evaluated with the targets in the guideline.
Description
Keywords
Kent kimliği, Urban identity, Kentsel dönüşüm, Yarışma projeleri, Urban regeneration, Competition projects
Citation
Tuğcu, P. (2019). Mahalle kimliği kavramının kentsel dönüşüm proje yarışmaları üzerinden değerlendirilmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.