2018 Cilt 12 Sayı 36
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Item Open Access SWOT analysis of organic food production in Bursa province(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-12-24) Uğurlu, Dilek; Yıldız, Lale; Turhan, Şule; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü.Ecological agriculture, nowadays contributing to sustainable agriculture, is seen as one of the options to solve the problems created by traditional agriculture. Starting from the 1930s, ecological agriculture, which has developed in different countries and different extents, gained commercial importance in the 1980s. This development was reflected onto our country in 1985-86. The exports are mainly dried grapes, dried figs and other dried fruits. Today, there are approximately 80 million hectares of ecological farming in the World, the number of producers is approximately 2 million, and the ecological product market has reached the level of 72 billion dollars. Bursa Province has an important place in the whole country in terms of the developments it has shown in recent years in the production of ecological agriculture. In 2016, field farming activity of 5334 decares was carried out by 167 farmers in Bursa. In Bursa, especially in the mountain regions, there is mostly organic arable land, and intensive studies are continuing for the development of organic agriculture.Item Open Access Physical characteristics and chemical compositions of local red onion cultivar grown in Kapıdağ, Turkey(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-12-06) Zambi, Ozan; Şahinarslan, Aydın; Özcan, Filiz; Özkan, Sıla; Akbudak, Nuray; Türkben, Cihat; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümü.Preserving traditional cultures, promoting local and rural development, protecting small producers and improving product quality, the conservation and sustainable use of all plant genetic resources is essential for food security. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of landrace red onion (Allium cepa L.) in Southern Marmara Region in Turkey for measures of conservation. Red onions produced in the Kapıdağ Peninsula are called as “Kapıdağ purple onion”, "Kapıdağ red onion" or "Kapıdağ fish onion". Red onion is generally produced by small family farmers according to traditional methods. The red onion samples were taken from Doğanlar, Turanlar, Ormanlı, Ballıpınar and Çayağzı villages in Erdek district and investigated for various properties including information about the descriptions of red onions and ecology. In addition, various chemical (titratable acidity, pH and total soluble solid) and physical (weight, width length and color of onion bulbs) analyses were performed in red onion samples. In this study, titratable acidity and pH values of red onion bulbs were found to be between 0.146% - 0.194% and 5.36 – 5.59 respectively. Total soluble solids and total phenol of red onion bulbs were between 9.17% –10.23% and 58.69 mg GAE g dw-1 – 138.37 mg GAE g dw-1 respectively. Bulb weights of red onion were between 83.31-169.06 g. Bulb width (diameter) and length in red onion bulbs were 70.28 – 49.97 mm and 78.29 – 60.31 mm, respectively. Red onion bulbs, Ormanlı, Turan, Ballıpınar and Çayağzı areas had have elliptical shape, while Doğanlar area had have flattened shape. The tunic colors and flesh color of onion bulbs ranged from red to red dark violet. The obtained from our study will support the protection of genetic resources in their agro-ecosystems and development regional community.Item Open Access Effect of microwave and hot-air drying techniques on the color properties and specific energy requirement of madimak plants (Polygonum cognatum meissn.)(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-11-22) Koca, İlkay; Lüle, Fuat; Koyuncu, TurhanPolygonum cognatum Meissn. is a wild edible plant and is known as madimak in Turkey. It’s young shoots are cultivated in spring and used as vegetable. The present work evaluates the effect of different drying treatments on the color attributes of madimak plants, which were dried using two different methods: hot- air and microwave-drying. The treatments in air drying were carried out at 60, 70 and 80 °C. Microwave drying were done using four different microwave power levels ranging between 160 and 750 W. Microwave drying of the madimak was faster than hot air drying. Drying time decrease greatly with improved microwave power. Drying processes were completed between 0.058 and 0.308 h depending on the microwave power level, while between 2.583 and 4.166 h in hot-air drying. Microwave drying did not affect the color quality of the samples as much as hot air drying did. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophylls contents of microwave dried plants were significantly retained. Both color and chlorophyl attributes indicated that microwave drying for madimak plants is higher suitable than hot-air or ambient temperature drying. It was found the lowest colour change and the highest chlorophyll contents at 750 W microwave powers. In addition, minimum specific energy requirements were found as 44.58 kWh/kg and 107.00 kWh/kg for 80 °C hot air drying and 160 W microwave power level, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference of specific energy requirement between hot air drying temperatures while the important difference between microwave power levels.Item Open Access Organic farming: A historical perspective(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-11-26) Rehber, Erkan; Turhan, Şule; Vural, Hasan; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Tarım Ekonomisi Bölümü.Organic farming has been among the most popular concepts for more than three decades. Despite being a rapidly growing sector, certified organic agriculture occupies only less than 1 percent of lands and 1-2 percent of food sales in the world. Evaluating the development of organic farming movement from a historical perspective will be more explanatory to understand what organic farming is and which direction it is evolving. The history of organic farming can be investigated in three different stages. The beginning of organic movement traced back to the early settlement of farming era. Early attempts in this stage have been reviewed into two main activity lines as studies on soil fertility and activities as a reaction of industrial agriculture. The second stages have been coined as the institutionalization and commercialization period that includes the growth period of this movement in different lines. The last stage was named as the period of from commercialization to conventionalization-bifurcation, covering a period from growth stage to present. When evaluating all development in the agro-food chain related to strict safety control, a strong rapprochement tendency seems inevitable between farming alternatives, including organic farming.Item Open Access Growth performance of cowpea in spent oil-contaminated soils ameliorated with cocoa shell powder and biochar(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-11-19) Oyedeji, Stephen; Animasaun, David Adedayo; Ademola, Oluwatosin Ife; Agboola, Oludare OladipoThe study assessed the ameliorative potentials of cocoa shell powder and biochar on spent engine oil (SEO) soils using the growth performance of cowpea. Twenty-four polyethylene bags were set up consisting of seven treatments (T1 to T7) contaminated with 2% v/w SEO and control (T0) each replicated three times. Cocoa shell biochar (CSB) was applied to T2, T3 and T4 at rates 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% while uncharred cocoa shell powder (CSP) was incorporated into T5, T6 and T7 at rates 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0%. Chemical properties of CSB, CSP and soil treatments were determined by standard methods. Cowpea seeds were sown and germination and growth parameters were determined at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing. The result showed CSB was alkaline and rich in exchangeable cations. SEO-contamination negatively impacted soil nutrient composition, weakened germination by 27% and negatively affected growth of cowpea. Plants in T0 had significantly highest growth and biomass. CPB (especially 1%) amendment significantly improved leaf initiation and area compared with plants in T1. Growth declined with increasing CSP amendment. In conclusion, conversion of cocoa shells to biochar is necessary eliminate the acidic effects of the raw cocoa shell and effectively condition the soil.Item Open Access Distinctive features of the sheep farmer, management practices of feeding and breeding, and products of sheep farms in Bursa province (Turkey)(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-07-20) Altınçekiç, Şeniz Öziş; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Ziraat Fakültesi/Hayvan Bilimleri Bölümü.The objective of this study was to examine the structural status and the breeding characteristics of sheep farms that stand out in the city of Bursa with regard to their agricultural production activities. The farms were divided i93nto three groups: small-size farms (50 to 100 head), medium-size farms (101 to 150 head) and large-size farms (above 151 head). Sheep farms in Bursa are carried out in a settled style, and this agricultural activity is the main income source of breeders. The main reasons for the changes in the sheep population are economic problems and the difficulty of finding shepherds. Various problems that have come about due to the problematic use of pastures, which are indispensable for sheep breeding, now create significant limitations for sheep breeding. On the other hand, the geographical structure and the land size of Bursa Province, in addition to its proximity to metropolitan cities and markets, present important opportunities for the development of sheep breeding. At this point, it is important that the establishments included in the study put into effect the already existing dynamics to be more active for increasing profitability and productivity.