2016 Sayı 9
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Item Open Access Opus Signinum, Terrazzo, mortier et béton de sol: Un etat de la question(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Vassal, VéroniqueAfter a brief presentation of the various materials used in these pavements and the description of their decorative repertoires, we discuss the question of vocabulary. Indeed, for several years, many problems of terminology divide the scientific community. The study of ancient texts and the different interpretations of the De Architectura of Vitruvius, rather than clarifying the study of this type of pavement lead to make it more confusing. A detailed commentary of the new terminology defined by Italian researchers, shows that it is not easy to standardize the descriptions. Further difficulties arise when it comes to translate a word in another language, as interpretation often generates new ambiguities. I consider mortar pavements as the most suitable general term for this pavement type, because mortar is the basic component and at the same time the most neutral term. Finally, it seems appropriate to revisit the term of terrazzo-signinum used widely, (perhaps wrongly) in the French archaeological literature.Item Open Access A newly discovered mosaic from Myrleia(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Şahin, Derya; Çıtakoğlu, Hazal; Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Arkeoloji Bölümü.Previously unknown parts of the ancient city of Myrleia which today is located in Mudanya in the province of Bursa, have begun to appear gradually in recent excavations. In 2015 – 2016, excavations were started on the site which was previously declared a third degree site by the Bursa Archaeology Museum Directorate. As a result of the trial trenchings, in addition to structural remains that can be defined as workshops, residential structures built up on the slopes have been determined. These residential buildings on the hillside consist of a row of rooms and provide valuable information about the late period house architecture of the ancient city. The floor of one of these partially uncovered houses is covered with a geometric patterned mosaic floor. In addition to geometric designs on this mosaic, motifs such as kantharos, guilloche, wave pattern and ivy leaves are used together to create a highly visual and artistic composition. The mosaic floor is dated approximately to the 4th century BC.Item Open Access Mimicking ‘marble’ in Roman Mosaics in Conímbriga (Condeixa-a-Velha – Portugal) discovered between 1938 and 1941 in the time of Professor Vergílio Correia (1888-1944): A reflection(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Pessoa, MiguelMosaic that imitates marble, which is the subject of this reflection, is evidence that takes us back to the stylistic currents of several periods of the Roman Era. The representation of this ornamental rock containing rudists harks back to remote geological periods of the Earth’s history. In addition, the way the mosaicist goes about his work, choosing the most elaborate geometric motifs and imitating a kind of ornamental rock with a ‘fossil signature’, reveals contacts, influences and technical resources that only a College of Arts can provide. This museological action is an initiative of the Movement to Promote the Candidature of Conímbriga for inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List, under the programme to link up Conímbriga, Alcabideque, Chão de Lamas, Rabaçal, Santiago da Guarda and Tomar in a single area of interest. This initiative is the outcome of local, national, international and intergenerational cooperation, on a volunteer basis.Item Open Access De la nécessité d’identifier précisément le décor géométrique d’une mosaïque. Une étude de cas(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Parzysz, BernardIn published articles, the description of geometric mosaics is generally confined to the Décor’s typology, which is of course indispensable but not always precise enough to identify their geometric properties accurately. However these properties allow an access to the craftsmen’s knowledge in that domain, and beyond that to their professional gestures. Undertaking a sharp geometric study is the only way to reach this goal, but it requires the knowledge of an extensive catalogue of theoretical models including, together with the ‘regular’ types, approximate versions whose implementation was frequently more economical (regarding involved knowledge, time and finally cost). For the chosen example (a mosaic from the Roman villa of Milreu (Portugal), of which only a few fragments remain), the regular geometrical model is confronted with an alternative model already itemized. Then some easily achieved observations about angles and alignments make it possible to decide between the two models, with the possibility of restoring the setting as a consequence.Item Open Access Geometric analysis of the Mask Mosaic in Metropolis(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Öz, Ali Kazım; Aydoğdu, ErhanThe present article refers to the geometric analysis of the floor mosaics in a Reception Hall of the ancient city of Metropolis. In the course of this analysis a geometric plan of the mosaic frame was elaborated, while at the same time the geometric shapes and the geometric origin of some floral pattern were revealed and its standard drawing procedure was determined. Using a theoretical argument for the relation between the geometric plan and its execution as well as for the figures’ construction order, preliminary assessments were performed before the measurement. As a consequence significant differences between the ratios of the planned and the measured lengths of the pavement could be detected. It was with the use of these ratios that an estimation of the mosaic sections’ construction order was made. Furthermore, there were observed the reflection of mathematic knowledge in the mosaic, the relation between the repeated figures and the Pythagorean theorem as well as the relation between artistic functions and reasoning methods. It is obvious that mosaic artisans skilfully based their work on a profound knowledge of geometry. In this article is shown that through the geometric analysis of mosaics further scientific results within the fields of mosaic research, restoration and conservation, history of art, history of mathematics and archaeological studies in general can be achieved.Item Open Access The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A reassessment(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Omari, Elda; Bonini, PaoloThe city of Apollonia, located to the South-west of modern Albania, was founded in 588 B.C. by Corinthian and Corcyrian people, and was later described by Cicero as an admirabilis urbs. In 44 B.C. when Augustus and Agrippa were studying rhetoric in Apollonia, they got to know of the killing of Caesar and were helped by the local people to return to Rome and take the power back. The city, located on the right bank of the river Aoos, only 12 km from the sea, was a crossroads and a filter for different cultures: Illyrians, Macedonians, the Greeks and the Romans have inhabited the territory over the centuries. The domus, dated between 2nd and 3rd century A.D., represents the connection of the “residential fashion” present at the East and West of the Adriatic Sea. The domus is known in the literature as the “Athena house” because of the statue discovered by the archaeologists inside of it, but also as the “D house” because it was unearthed in “Sector D” of the excavation. The first goal of the research is to analyse the architectural and decorative aspects of the house to understand the tastes of this site. The second goal is to understand the needs of the customer’s social and economic selfrepresentation and the skills of the craftsmen who worked there.Item Open Access Etude pétrographique comparée des tessellata de quelques mosaïques romaines des sites archéologiques de Volubilis et Lixus (Maroc)(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Bouzoubaa, Nissma; Dekayir, AbdelilahMost of Roman archaeological sites in Morocco contain many mosaics, it offers significant pavements decorated with the majority of architectural buildings components different archaeological sites of Morocco. Petrographic and mineralogical analyses of tesserae coming from some of Roman mosaics in Volubilis, and Lixus, archaeological sites have revealed the petrographic nature of the rocks used in the decoration of different tessellata. The knowledge of petrographical characteristics of these tesserae represents an essential step to understand mechanical properties of the used materials, their weathering processes and the location of their origin. This comparative study carried on natural materials used in roman mosaics tesselata in some archaeological sites give us ideas about the provenance of building materials and the movement of materials in Morocco and in the Mediterranean region. This study will also provide solutions to guide professionals in the choice of interventions related to the restoration and conservation.Item Open Access Funerary mosaic found in Northern Syria(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016) Abdallah, KomaitA mosaic was discovered in 2007, in a funerary chamber at Frykia village in northern Syria, by the excavation service of the Directorate of Antiquities and Museums of Syria. This mosaic presents an interesting scene consisting of two columns with a pair of animals facing each other next to a fruit tree. The study of the decor suggests that this mosaic belongs to the 6th century B.C. and that the iconographic theme is inspired by Isaiah 11:6 concerning the animal kingdom of peace and is rendered according to the Syrian tradition of mosaic art from the 6th century. The representation of this topic in a mosaic belonging to a funerary chamber has a significance, regarding the Christian interpretation of life after dead.